path: root/libfetch/http.c

/*	$NetBSD: http.c,v 1.40 2016/10/21 11:51:18 jperkin Exp $	*/
/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2004 Dag-Erling Co�dan Sm�rgrav
 * Copyright (c) 2003 Thomas Klausner <wiz@NetBSD.org>
 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Joerg Sonnenberger <joerg@NetBSD.org>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 *    in this position and unchanged.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $FreeBSD: http.c,v 1.83 2008/02/06 11:39:55 des Exp $
 */

/*
 * The following copyright applies to the base64 code:
 *
 *-
 * Copyright 1997 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
 * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
 * granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
 * permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
 * supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
 * in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
 * software without specific, written prior permission.  M.I.T. makes
 * no representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied
 * warranty.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''.  M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
 * ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
 * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
 * SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
 * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include "fetch.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "httperr.h"

/* Maximum number of redirects to follow */
#define MAX_REDIRECT 5

/* Symbolic names for reply codes we care about */
#define HTTP_OK			200
#define HTTP_PARTIAL		206
#define HTTP_MOVED_PERM		301
#define HTTP_MOVED_TEMP		302
#define HTTP_SEE_OTHER		303
#define HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED	304
#define HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT	307
#define HTTP_NEED_AUTH		401
#define HTTP_NEED_PROXY_AUTH	407
#define HTTP_BAD_RANGE		416
#define HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR	999

#define HTTP_REDIRECT(xyz) ((xyz) == HTTP_MOVED_PERM \
			    || (xyz) == HTTP_MOVED_TEMP \
			    || (xyz) == HTTP_TEMP_REDIRECT \
			    || (xyz) == HTTP_SEE_OTHER)

#define HTTP_ERROR(xyz) ((xyz) > 400 && (xyz) < 599)

static int http_cmd(conn_t *, const char *, ...) LIBFETCH_PRINTFLIKE(2, 3);

/*****************************************************************************
 * I/O functions for decoding chunked streams
 */

struct httpio
{
	conn_t		*conn;		/* connection */
	int		 chunked;	/* chunked mode */
	int		 keep_alive;	/* keep-alive mode */
	char		*buf;		/* chunk buffer */
	size_t		 bufsize;	/* size of chunk buffer */
	ssize_t		 buflen;	/* amount of data currently in buffer */
	int		 bufpos;	/* current read offset in buffer */
	int		 eof;		/* end-of-file flag */
	int		 error;		/* error flag */
	size_t		 chunksize;	/* remaining size of current chunk */
	off_t		 contentlength;	/* remaining size of the content */
};

/*
 * Get next chunk header
 */
static int
http_new_chunk(struct httpio *io)
{
	char *p;

	if (fetch_getln(io->conn) == -1)
		return (-1);

	if (io->conn->buflen < 2 || !isxdigit((unsigned char)*io->conn->buf))
		return (-1);

	for (p = io->conn->buf; *p && !isspace((unsigned char)*p); ++p) {
		if (*p == ';')
			break;
		if (!isxdigit((unsigned char)*p))
			return (-1);
		if (isdigit((unsigned char)*p)) {
			io->chunksize = io->chunksize * 16 +
			    *p - '0';
		} else {
			io->chunksize = io->chunksize * 16 +
			    10 + tolower((unsigned char)*p) - 'a';
		}
	}

	return (io->chunksize);
}

/*
 * Grow the input buffer to at least len bytes
 */
static int
http_growbuf(struct httpio *io, size_t len)
{
	char *tmp;

	if (io->bufsize >= len)
		return (0);

	if ((tmp = realloc(io->buf, len)) == NULL)
		return (-1);
	io->buf = tmp;
	io->bufsize = len;
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Fill the input buffer, do chunk decoding on the fly
 */
static int
http_fillbuf(struct httpio *io, size_t len)
{
	if (io->error)
		return (-1);
	if (io->eof)
		return (0);

	if (io->contentlength >= 0 && (off_t)len > io->contentlength)
		len = io->contentlength;

	if (io->chunked == 0) {
		if (http_growbuf(io, len) == -1)
			return (-1);
		if ((io->buflen = fetch_read(io->conn, io->buf, len)) == -1) {
			io->error = 1;
			return (-1);
		}
		if (io->contentlength)
			io->contentlength -= io->buflen;
		io->bufpos = 0;
		return (io->buflen);
	}

	if (io->chunksize == 0) {
		switch (http_new_chunk(io)) {
		case -1:
			io->error = 1;
			return (-1);
		case 0:
			io->eof = 1;
			if (fetch_getln(io->conn) == -1)
				return (-1);
			return (0);
		}
	}

	if (len > io->chunksize)
		len = io->chunksize;
	if (http_growbuf(io, len) == -1)
		return (-1);
	if ((io->buflen = fetch_read(io->conn, io->buf, len)) == -1) {
		io->error = 1;
		return (-1);
	}
	io->chunksize -= io->buflen;
	if (io->contentlength >= 0)
		io->contentlength -= io->buflen;

	if (io->chunksize == 0) {
		char endl[2];
		ssize_t len2;

		len2 = fetch_read(io->conn, endl, 2);
		if (len2 == 1 && fetch_read(io->conn, endl + 1, 1) != 1)
			return (-1);
		if (len2 == -1 || endl[0] != '\r' || endl[1] != '\n')
			return (-1);
	}

	io->bufpos = 0;

	return (io->buflen);
}

/*
 * Read function
 */
static ssize_t
http_readfn(void *v, void *buf, size_t len)
{
	struct httpio *io = (struct httpio *)v;
	size_t l, pos;

	if (io->error)
		return (-1);
	if (io->eof)
		return (0);

	for (pos = 0; len > 0; pos += l, len -= l) {
		/* empty buffer */
		if (!io->buf || io->bufpos == io->buflen)
			if (http_fillbuf(io, len) < 1)
				break;
		l = io->buflen - io->bufpos;
		if (len < l)
			l = len;
		memcpy((char *)buf + pos, io->buf + io->bufpos, l);
		io->bufpos += l;
	}

	if (!pos && io->error)
		return (-1);
	return (pos);
}

/*
 * Write function
 */
static ssize_t
http_writefn(void *v, const void *buf, size_t len)
{
	struct httpio *io = (struct httpio *)v;

	return (fetch_write(io->conn, buf, len));
}

/*
 * Close function
 */
static void
http_closefn(void *v)
{
	struct httpio *io = (struct httpio *)v;
	conn_t *conn = io->conn;

	if (io->keep_alive) {
		fetch_cache_put(conn, fetch_close);
	} else {
		fetch_close(conn);
	}

	free(io->buf);
	free(io);
}

/*
 * Wrap a file descriptor up
 */
static fetchIO *
http_funopen(conn_t *conn, int chunked, int keep_alive, off_t clength)
{
	struct httpio *io;
	fetchIO *f;

	if ((io = calloc(1, sizeof(*io))) == NULL) {
		fetch_syserr();
		return (NULL);
	}
	io->conn = conn;
	io->chunked = chunked;
	io->contentlength = clength;
	io->keep_alive = keep_alive;
	f = fetchIO_unopen(io, http_readfn, http_writefn, http_closefn);
	if (f == NULL) {
		fetch_syserr();
		free(io);
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (f);
}


/*****************************************************************************
 * Helper functions for talking to the server and parsing its replies
 */

/* Header types */
typedef enum {
	hdr_syserror = -2,
	hdr_error = -1,
	hdr_end = 0,
	hdr_unknown = 1,
	hdr_connection,
	hdr_content_length,
	hdr_content_range,
	hdr_last_modified,
	hdr_location,
	hdr_transfer_encoding,
	hdr_www_authenticate
} hdr_t;

/* Names of interesting headers */
static struct {
	hdr_t		 num;
	const char	*name;
} hdr_names[] = {
	{ hdr_connection,		"Connection" },
	{ hdr_content_length,		"Content-Length" },
	{ hdr_content_range,		"Content-Range" },
	{ hdr_last_modified,		"Last-Modified" },
	{ hdr_location,			"Location" },
	{ hdr_transfer_encoding,	"Transfer-Encoding" },
	{ hdr_www_authenticate,		"WWW-Authenticate" },
	{ hdr_unknown,			NULL },
};

/*
 * Send a formatted line; optionally echo to terminal
 */
LIBFETCH_PRINTFLIKE(2, 3)
static int
http_cmd(conn_t *conn, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	size_t len;
	char *msg;
	int r;

	va_start(ap, fmt);
	len = vasprintf(&msg, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	if (msg == NULL) {
		errno = ENOMEM;
		fetch_syserr();
		return (-1);
	}

	r = fetch_write(conn, msg, len);
	free(msg);

	if (r == -1) {
		fetch_syserr();
		return (-1);
	}

	return (0);
}

/*
 * Get and parse status line
 */
static int
http_get_reply(conn_t *conn)
{
	char *p;

	if (fetch_getln(conn) == -1)
		return (-1);
	/*
	 * A valid status line looks like "HTTP/m.n xyz reason" where m
	 * and n are the major and minor protocol version numbers and xyz
	 * is the reply code.
	 * Unfortunately, there are servers out there (NCSA 1.5.1, to name
	 * just one) that do not send a version number, so we can't rely
	 * on finding one, but if we do, insist on it being 1.0 or 1.1.
	 * We don't care about the reason phrase.
	 */
	if (strncmp(conn->buf, "HTTP", 4) != 0)
		return (HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
	p = conn->buf + 4;
	if (*p == '/') {
		if (p[1] != '1' || p[2] != '.' || (p[3] != '0' && p[3] != '1'))
			return (HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
		p += 4;
	}
	if (*p != ' ' ||
	    !isdigit((unsigned char)p[1]) ||
	    !isdigit((unsigned char)p[2]) ||
	    !isdigit((unsigned char)p[3]))
		return (HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);

	conn->err = (p[1] - '0') * 100 + (p[2] - '0') * 10 + (p[3] - '0');
	return (conn->err);
}

/*
 * Check a header; if the type matches the given string, return a pointer
 * to the beginning of the value.
 */
static const char *
http_match(const char *str, const char *hdr)
{
	while (*str && *hdr &&
	    tolower((unsigned char)*str++) == tolower((unsigned char)*hdr++))
		/* nothing */;
	if (*str || *hdr != ':')
		return (NULL);
	while (*hdr && isspace((unsigned char)*++hdr))
		/* nothing */;
	return (hdr);
}

/*
 * Get the next header and return the appropriate symbolic code.
 */
static hdr_t
http_next_header(conn_t *conn, const char **p)
{
	int i;

	if (fetch_getln(conn) == -1)
		return (hdr_syserror);
	while (conn->buflen && isspace((unsigned char)conn->buf[conn->buflen - 1]))
		conn->buflen--;
	conn->buf[conn->buflen] = '\0';
	if (conn->buflen == 0)
		return (hdr_end);
	/*
	 * We could check for malformed headers but we don't really care.
	 * A valid header starts with a token immediately followed by a
	 * colon; a token is any sequence of non-control, non-whitespace
	 * characters except "()<>@,;:\\\"{}".
	 */
	for (i = 0; hdr_names[i].num != hdr_unknown; i++)
		if ((*p = http_match(hdr_names[i].name, conn->buf)) != NULL)
			return (hdr_names[i].num);
	return (hdr_unknown);
}

/*
 * Parse a last-modified header
 */
static int
http_parse_mtime(const char *p, time_t *mtime)
{
	char *locale, *r;
	struct tm tm;

	locale = strdupa(setlocale(LC_TIME, NULL));
	setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
	r = strptime(p, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", &tm);
	/* XXX should add support for date-2 and date-3 */
	setlocale(LC_TIME, locale);
	if (r == NULL)
		return (-1);
	*mtime = timegm(&tm);
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Parse a content-length header
 */
static int
http_parse_length(const char *p, off_t *length)
{
	off_t len;

	for (len = 0; *p && isdigit((unsigned char)*p); ++p)
		len = len * 10 + (*p - '0');
	if (*p)
		return (-1);
	*length = len;
	return (0);
}

/*
 * Parse a content-range header
 */
static int
http_parse_range(const char *p, off_t *offset, off_t *length, off_t *size)
{
	off_t first, last, len;

	if (strncasecmp(p, "bytes ", 6) != 0)
		return (-1);
	p += 6;
	if (*p == '*') {
		first = last = -1;
		++p;
	} else {
		for (first = 0; *p && isdigit((unsigned char)*p); ++p)
			first = first * 10 + *p - '0';
		if (*p != '-')
			return (-1);
		for (last = 0, ++p; *p && isdigit((unsigned char)*p); ++p)
			last = last * 10 + *p - '0';
	}
	if (first > last || *p != '/')
		return (-1);
	for (len = 0, ++p; *p && isdigit((unsigned char)*p); ++p)
		len = len * 10 + *p - '0';
	if (*p || len < last - first + 1)
		return (-1);
	if (first == -1)
		*length = 0;
	else
		*length = last - first + 1;
	*offset = first;
	*size = len;
	return (0);
}


/*****************************************************************************
 * Helper functions for authorization
 */

/*
 * Base64 encoding
 */
static char *
http_base64(const char *src)
{
	static const char base64[] =
	    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
	    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
	    "0123456789+/";
	char *str, *dst;
	size_t l;
	int t, r;

	l = strlen(src);
	if ((str = malloc(((l + 2) / 3) * 4 + 1)) == NULL)
		return (NULL);
	dst = str;
	r = 0;

	while (l >= 3) {
		t = (src[0] << 16) | (src[1] << 8) | src[2];
		dst[0] = base64[(t >> 18) & 0x3f];
		dst[1] = base64[(t >> 12) & 0x3f];
		dst[2] = base64[(t >> 6) & 0x3f];
		dst[3] = base64[(t >> 0) & 0x3f];
		src += 3; l -= 3;
		dst += 4; r += 4;
	}

	switch (l) {
	case 2:
		t = (src[0] << 16) | (src[1] << 8);
		dst[0] = base64[(t >> 18) & 0x3f];
		dst[1] = base64[(t >> 12) & 0x3f];
		dst[2] = base64[(t >> 6) & 0x3f];
		dst[3] = '=';
		dst += 4;
		r += 4;
		break;
	case 1:
		t = src[0] << 16;
		dst[0] = base64[(t >> 18) & 0x3f];
		dst[1] = base64[(t >> 12) & 0x3f];
		dst[2] = dst[3] = '=';
		dst += 4;
		r += 4;
		break;
	case 0:
		break;
	}

	*dst = 0;
	return (str);
}

/*
 * Encode username and password
 */
static int
http_basic_auth(conn_t *conn, const char *hdr, const char *usr, const char *pwd)
{
	char *upw, *auth;
	int r;

	if (asprintf(&upw, "%s:%s", usr, pwd) == -1)
		return (-1);
	auth = http_base64(upw);
	free(upw);
	if (auth == NULL)
		return (-1);
	r = http_cmd(conn, "%s: Basic %s\r\n", hdr, auth);
	free(auth);
	return (r);
}

/*
 * Send an authorization header
 */
static int
http_authorize(conn_t *conn, const char *hdr, const char *p)
{
	/* basic authorization */
	if (strncasecmp(p, "basic:", 6) == 0) {
		char *user, *pwd, *str;
		int r;

		/* skip realm */
		for (p += 6; *p && *p != ':'; ++p)
			/* nothing */ ;
		if (!*p || strchr(++p, ':') == NULL)
			return (-1);
		if ((str = strdup(p)) == NULL)
			return (-1); /* XXX */
		user = str;
		pwd = strchr(str, ':');
		*pwd++ = '\0';
		r = http_basic_auth(conn, hdr, user, pwd);
		free(str);
		return (r);
	}
	return (-1);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 * Helper functions for connecting to a server or proxy
 */

/*
 * Helper for setting socket options regarding packetization
 */
static void
http_cork(conn_t *conn, int val)
{
#if defined(TCP_CORK)
	setsockopt(conn->sd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_CORK, &val, sizeof val);
#else
#if defined(TCP_NOPUSH) && !defined(__APPLE__)
	setsockopt(conn->sd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NOPUSH, &val, sizeof val);
#endif
	val = !val;
	setsockopt(conn->sd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &val, sizeof val);
#endif
}

/*
 * Connect to the correct HTTP server or proxy.
 */
static conn_t *
http_connect(struct url *URL, struct url *purl, const char *flags, int *cached)
{
	struct url *curl;
	conn_t *conn;
	hdr_t h;
	const char *p;
	int af, verbose;

	*cached = 0;

	af = AF_UNSPEC;

	verbose = CHECK_FLAG('v');
	if (CHECK_FLAG('4'))
		af = AF_INET;
	else if (CHECK_FLAG('6'))
		af = AF_INET6;

	curl = (purl != NULL) ? purl : URL;

	if ((conn = fetch_cache_get(URL, af)) != NULL) {
		*cached = 1;
		return (conn);
	}

	if ((conn = fetch_connect(curl, af, verbose)) == NULL)
		/* fetch_connect() has already set an error code */
		return (NULL);
	if (strcasecmp(URL->scheme, SCHEME_HTTPS) == 0 && purl) {
		http_cork(conn, 1);
		http_cmd(conn, "CONNECT %s:%d HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: %s:%d\r\n\r\n",
			 URL->host, URL->port, URL->host, URL->port);
		http_cork(conn, 0);
		if (http_get_reply(conn) != HTTP_OK) {
			http_seterr(conn->err);
			goto ouch;
		}
		do {
			switch ((h = http_next_header(conn, &p))) {
			case hdr_syserror:
				fetch_syserr();
				goto ouch;
			case hdr_error:
				http_seterr(HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
				goto ouch;
			default:
				/* ignore */ ;
			}
		} while (h > hdr_end);
	}
	if (strcasecmp(URL->scheme, SCHEME_HTTPS) == 0 &&
	    fetch_ssl(conn, URL, verbose) == -1) {
		/* grrr */
#ifdef EAUTH
		errno = EAUTH;
#else
		errno = EPERM;
#endif
		fetch_syserr();
		goto ouch;
	}
	return (conn);
ouch:
	fetch_close(conn);
	return (NULL);
}

static struct url *
http_make_proxy_url(const char *env1, const char *env2)
{
	struct url *purl;
	char *p;

	p = getenv(env1);
	if (!p)
		p = getenv(env2);
	if (!p || !*p)
		return NULL;

	purl = fetchParseURL(p);
	if (!purl)
		return NULL;

	if (!*purl->scheme)
		strcpy(purl->scheme, SCHEME_HTTP);
	if (!purl->port)
		purl->port = fetch_default_proxy_port(purl->scheme);

	if (strcasecmp(purl->scheme, SCHEME_HTTP) == 0)
		return purl;

	fetchFreeURL(purl);
	return NULL;
}

static struct url *
http_get_proxy(struct url * url, const char *flags)
{
	if (flags != NULL && strchr(flags, 'd') != NULL)
		return (NULL);
	if (fetch_no_proxy_match(url->host))
		return (NULL);
	if (strcasecmp(url->scheme, SCHEME_HTTPS) == 0)
		return http_make_proxy_url("HTTPS_PROXY", "https_proxy");
	if (strcasecmp(url->scheme, SCHEME_HTTP) == 0)
		return http_make_proxy_url("HTTP_PROXY", "http_proxy");
	return (NULL);
}

static void
set_if_modified_since(conn_t *conn, time_t last_modified)
{
	static const char weekdays[] = "SunMonTueWedThuFriSat";
	static const char months[] = "JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec";
	struct tm tm;
	char buf[80];
	gmtime_r(&last_modified, &tm);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.3s, %02d %.3s %4ld %02d:%02d:%02d GMT",
	    weekdays + tm.tm_wday * 3, tm.tm_mday, months + tm.tm_mon * 3,
	    (long)(tm.tm_year + 1900), tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec);
	http_cmd(conn, "If-Modified-Since: %s\r\n", buf);
}


/*****************************************************************************
 * Core
 */

/*
 * Send a request and process the reply
 *
 * XXX This function is way too long, the do..while loop should be split
 * XXX off into a separate function.
 */
fetchIO *
http_request(struct url *URL, const char *op, struct url_stat *us,
    struct url *purl, const char *flags)
{
	conn_t *conn;
	struct url *url, *new;
	int chunked, direct, if_modified_since, need_auth, noredirect, nocache;
	int keep_alive, verbose, cached;
	int e, i, n;
	off_t offset, clength, length, size;
	time_t mtime;
	const char *p;
	fetchIO *f;
	hdr_t h;
	char hbuf[URL_HOSTLEN + 7], *host;

	direct = CHECK_FLAG('d');
	noredirect = CHECK_FLAG('A');
	nocache = CHECK_FLAG('C');
	verbose = CHECK_FLAG('v');
	if_modified_since = CHECK_FLAG('i');
	keep_alive = 0;

	if (direct && purl) {
		fetchFreeURL(purl);
		purl = NULL;
	}

	/* try the provided URL first */
	url = URL;

	/* if the A flag is set, we only get one try */
	n = noredirect ? 1 : MAX_REDIRECT;
	i = 0;

	e = HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR;
	need_auth = 0;
	do {
		new = NULL;
		chunked = 0;
		offset = 0;
		clength = -1;
		length = -1;
		size = -1;
		mtime = 0;

		/* check port */
		if (!url->port)
			url->port = fetch_default_port(url->scheme);

		/* were we redirected to an FTP URL? */
		if (purl == NULL && strcmp(url->scheme, SCHEME_FTP) == 0) {
			if (strcmp(op, "GET") == 0)
				return (ftp_request(url, "RETR", NULL, us, purl, flags));
			else if (strcmp(op, "HEAD") == 0)
				return (ftp_request(url, "STAT", NULL, us, purl, flags));
		}

		/* connect to server or proxy */
		if ((conn = http_connect(url, purl, flags, &cached)) == NULL)
			goto ouch;

		host = url->host;
		if (strchr(url->host, ':')) {
			snprintf(hbuf, sizeof(hbuf), "[%s]", url->host);
			host = hbuf;
		}
		if (url->port != fetch_default_port(url->scheme)) {
			if (host != hbuf) {
				strcpy(hbuf, host);
				host = hbuf;
			}
			snprintf(hbuf + strlen(hbuf),
			    sizeof(hbuf) - strlen(hbuf), ":%d", url->port);
		}

		/* send request */
		if (verbose)
			fetch_info("requesting %s://%s%s",
			    url->scheme, host, url->doc);

		http_cork(conn, 1);
		if (purl && strcasecmp(URL->scheme, SCHEME_HTTPS) != 0) {
			http_cmd(conn, "%s %s://%s%s HTTP/1.1\r\n",
			    op, url->scheme, host, url->doc);
		} else {
			http_cmd(conn, "%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n",
			    op, url->doc);
		}

		if (nocache)
			http_cmd(conn, "Cache-Control: no-cache\r\n");
		if (if_modified_since && url->last_modified > 0)
			set_if_modified_since(conn, url->last_modified);

		/* virtual host */
		http_cmd(conn, "Host: %s\r\n", host);

		/* proxy authorization */
		if (purl) {
			if (*purl->user || *purl->pwd)
				http_basic_auth(conn, "Proxy-Authorization",
				    purl->user, purl->pwd);
			else if ((p = getenv("HTTP_PROXY_AUTH")) != NULL && *p != '\0')
				http_authorize(conn, "Proxy-Authorization", p);
		}

		/* server authorization */
		if (need_auth || *url->user || *url->pwd) {
			if (*url->user || *url->pwd)
				http_basic_auth(conn, "Authorization", url->user, url->pwd);
			else if ((p = getenv("HTTP_AUTH")) != NULL && *p != '\0')
				http_authorize(conn, "Authorization", p);
			else if (fetchAuthMethod && fetchAuthMethod(url) == 0) {
				http_basic_auth(conn, "Authorization", url->user, url->pwd);
			} else {
				http_seterr(HTTP_NEED_AUTH);
				goto ouch;
			}
		}

		/* other headers */
		if ((p = getenv("HTTP_REFERER")) != NULL && *p != '\0') {
			if (strcasecmp(p, "auto") == 0)
				http_cmd(conn, "Referer: %s://%s%s\r\n",
				    url->scheme, host, url->doc);
			else
				http_cmd(conn, "Referer: %s\r\n", p);
		}
		if ((p = getenv("HTTP_USER_AGENT")) != NULL && *p != '\0')
			http_cmd(conn, "User-Agent: %s\r\n", p);
		else
			http_cmd(conn, "User-Agent: %s\r\n", _LIBFETCH_VER);
		if (url->offset > 0)
			http_cmd(conn, "Range: bytes=%lld-\r\n", (long long)url->offset);
		http_cmd(conn, "\r\n");

		/*
		 * Force the queued request to be dispatched.  Normally, one
		 * would do this with shutdown(2) but squid proxies can be
		 * configured to disallow such half-closed connections.  To
		 * be compatible with such configurations, fiddle with socket
		 * options to force the pending data to be written.
		 */
		http_cork(conn, 0);

		/* get reply */
		switch (http_get_reply(conn)) {
		case HTTP_OK:
		case HTTP_PARTIAL:
		case HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED:
			/* fine */
			break;
		case HTTP_MOVED_PERM:
		case HTTP_MOVED_TEMP:
		case HTTP_SEE_OTHER:
			/*
			 * Not so fine, but we still have to read the
			 * headers to get the new location.
			 */
			break;
		case HTTP_NEED_AUTH:
			if (need_auth) {
				/*
				 * We already sent out authorization code,
				 * so there's nothing more we can do.
				 */
				http_seterr(conn->err);
				goto ouch;
			}
			/* try again, but send the password this time */
			if (verbose)
				fetch_info("server requires authorization");
			break;
		case HTTP_NEED_PROXY_AUTH:
			/*
			 * If we're talking to a proxy, we already sent
			 * our proxy authorization code, so there's
			 * nothing more we can do.
			 */
			http_seterr(conn->err);
			goto ouch;
		case HTTP_BAD_RANGE:
			/*
			 * This can happen if we ask for 0 bytes because
			 * we already have the whole file.  Consider this
			 * a success for now, and check sizes later.
			 */
			break;
		case HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR:
			/* fall through */
		case -1:
			--i;
			if (cached)
				continue;
			fetch_syserr();
			goto ouch;
		default:
			http_seterr(conn->err);
			if (!verbose)
				goto ouch;
			/* fall through so we can get the full error message */
		}

		/* get headers */
		do {
			switch ((h = http_next_header(conn, &p))) {
			case hdr_syserror:
				fetch_syserr();
				goto ouch;
			case hdr_error:
				http_seterr(HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
				goto ouch;
			case hdr_connection:
				/* XXX too weak? */
				keep_alive = (strcasecmp(p, "keep-alive") == 0);
				break;
			case hdr_content_length:
				http_parse_length(p, &clength);
				break;
			case hdr_content_range:
				http_parse_range(p, &offset, &length, &size);
				break;
			case hdr_last_modified:
				http_parse_mtime(p, &mtime);
				break;
			case hdr_location:
				if (!HTTP_REDIRECT(conn->err))
					break;
				if (new)
					free(new);
				if (verbose)
					fetch_info("%d redirect to %s", conn->err, p);
				if (*p == '/')
					/* absolute path */
					new = fetchMakeURL(url->scheme, url->host, url->port, p,
					    url->user, url->pwd);
				else
					new = fetchParseURL(p);
				if (new == NULL) {
					/* XXX should set an error code */
					goto ouch;
				}
				if (!new->port)
					new->port = fetch_default_port(url->scheme);
				if (!new->user[0] && !new->pwd[0] &&
				    new->port == url->port &&
				    strcmp(new->scheme, url->scheme) == 0 &&
				    strcmp(new->host, url->host) == 0) {
					/* keep auth if staying on same host */
					strcpy(new->user, url->user);
					strcpy(new->pwd, url->pwd);
				}
				new->offset = url->offset;
				new->length = url->length;
				break;
			case hdr_transfer_encoding:
				/* XXX weak test*/
				chunked = (strcasecmp(p, "chunked") == 0);
				break;
			case hdr_www_authenticate:
				if (conn->err != HTTP_NEED_AUTH)
					break;
				/* if we were smarter, we'd check the method and realm */
				break;
			case hdr_end:
				/* fall through */
			case hdr_unknown:
				/* ignore */
				break;
			}
		} while (h > hdr_end);

		/* we need to provide authentication */
		if (conn->err == HTTP_NEED_AUTH) {
			e = conn->err;
			need_auth = 1;
			fetch_close(conn);
			conn = NULL;
			continue;
		}

		/* requested range not satisfiable */
		if (conn->err == HTTP_BAD_RANGE) {
			if (url->offset == size && url->length == 0) {
				/* asked for 0 bytes; fake it */
				offset = url->offset;
				conn->err = HTTP_OK;
				break;
			} else {
				http_seterr(conn->err);
				goto ouch;
			}
		}

		/* we have a hit or an error */
		if (conn->err == HTTP_OK ||
		    conn->err == HTTP_PARTIAL ||
		    conn->err == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED ||
		    HTTP_ERROR(conn->err))
			break;

		/* all other cases: we got a redirect */
		e = conn->err;
		need_auth = 0;
		fetch_close(conn);
		conn = NULL;
		if (!new)
			break;
		if (url != URL)
			fetchFreeURL(url);
		url = new;
	} while (++i < n);

	/* we failed, or ran out of retries */
	if (conn == NULL) {
		http_seterr(e);
		goto ouch;
	}

	/* check for inconsistencies */
	if (clength != -1 && length != -1 && clength != length) {
		http_seterr(HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
		goto ouch;
	}
	if (clength == -1)
		clength = length;
	if (clength != -1)
		length = offset + clength;
	if (length != -1 && size != -1 && length != size) {
		http_seterr(HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
		goto ouch;
	}
	if (size == -1)
		size = length;

	/* fill in stats */
	if (us) {
		us->size = size;
		us->atime = us->mtime = mtime;
	}

	/* too far? */
	if (URL->offset > 0 && offset > URL->offset) {
		http_seterr(HTTP_PROTOCOL_ERROR);
		goto ouch;
	}

	/* report back real offset and size */
	URL->offset = offset;
	URL->length = clength;

	if (clength == -1 && !chunked)
		keep_alive = 0;

	if (conn->err == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
		http_seterr(HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED);
		if (keep_alive) {
			fetch_cache_put(conn, fetch_close);
			conn = NULL;
		}
		goto ouch;
	}

	/* wrap it up in a fetchIO */
	if ((f = http_funopen(conn, chunked, keep_alive, clength)) == NULL) {
		fetch_syserr();
		goto ouch;
	}

	if (url != URL)
		fetchFreeURL(url);
	if (purl)
		fetchFreeURL(purl);

	if (HTTP_ERROR(conn->err)) {

		if (keep_alive) {
			char buf[512];
			do {
			} while (fetchIO_read(f, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0);
		}

		fetchIO_close(f);
		f = NULL;
	}

	return (f);

ouch:
	if (url != URL)
		fetchFreeURL(url);
	if (purl)
		fetchFreeURL(purl);
	if (conn != NULL)
		fetch_close(conn);
	return (NULL);
}


/*****************************************************************************
 * Entry points
 */

/*
 * Retrieve and stat a file by HTTP
 */
fetchIO *
fetchXGetHTTP(struct url *URL, struct url_stat *us, const char *flags)
{
	return (http_request(URL, "GET", us, http_get_proxy(URL, flags), flags));
}

/*
 * Retrieve a file by HTTP
 */
fetchIO *
fetchGetHTTP(struct url *URL, const char *flags)
{
	return (fetchXGetHTTP(URL, NULL, flags));
}

/*
 * Store a file by HTTP
 */
fetchIO *
fetchPutHTTP(struct url *URL, const char *flags)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "fetchPutHTTP(): not implemented\n");
	return (NULL);
}

/*
 * Get an HTTP document's metadata
 */
int
fetchStatHTTP(struct url *URL, struct url_stat *us, const char *flags)
{
	fetchIO *f;

	f = http_request(URL, "HEAD", us, http_get_proxy(URL, flags), flags);
	if (f == NULL)
		return (-1);
	fetchIO_close(f);
	return (0);
}

enum http_states {
	ST_NONE,
	ST_LT,
	ST_LTA,
	ST_TAGA,
	ST_H,
	ST_R,
	ST_E,
	ST_F,
	ST_HREF,
	ST_HREFQ,
	ST_TAG,
	ST_TAGAX,
	ST_TAGAQ
};

struct index_parser {
	struct url_list *ue;
	struct url *url;
	enum http_states state;
};

static ssize_t
parse_index(struct index_parser *parser, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
	char *end_attr, p = *buf;

	switch (parser->state) {
	case ST_NONE:
		/* Plain text, not in markup */
		if (p == '<')
			parser->state = ST_LT;
		return 1;
	case ST_LT:
		/* In tag -- "<" already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == 'a' || p == 'A')
			parser->state = ST_LTA;
		else if (!isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAG;
		return 1;
	case ST_LTA:
		/* In tag -- "<a" already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGAQ;
		else if (isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		else
			parser->state = ST_TAG;
		return 1;
	case ST_TAG:
		/* In tag, but not "<a" -- disregard */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		return 1;
	case ST_TAGA:
		/* In a-tag -- "<a " already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGAQ;
		else if (p == 'h' || p == 'H')
			parser->state = ST_H;
		else if (!isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGAX;
		return 1;
	case ST_TAGAX:
		/* In unknown keyword in a-tag */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGAQ;
		else if (isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		return 1;
	case ST_TAGAQ:
		/* In a-tag, unknown argument for keys. */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		return 1;
	case ST_H:
		/* In a-tag -- "<a h" already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGAQ;
		else if (p == 'r' || p == 'R')
			parser->state = ST_R;
		else if (isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		else
			parser->state = ST_TAGAX;
		return 1;
	case ST_R:
		/* In a-tag -- "<a hr" already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGAQ;
		else if (p == 'e' || p == 'E')
			parser->state = ST_E;
		else if (isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		else
			parser->state = ST_TAGAX;
		return 1;
	case ST_E:
		/* In a-tag -- "<a hre" already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGAQ;
		else if (p == 'f' || p == 'F')
			parser->state = ST_F;
		else if (isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		else
			parser->state = ST_TAGAX;
		return 1;
	case ST_F:
		/* In a-tag -- "<a href" already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_TAGAQ;
		else if (p == '=')
			parser->state = ST_HREF;
		else if (!isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGAX;
		return 1;
	case ST_HREF:
		/* In a-tag -- "<a href=" already found */
		if (p == '>')
			parser->state = ST_NONE;
		else if (p == '"')
			parser->state = ST_HREFQ;
		else if (!isspace((unsigned char)p))
			parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		return 1;
	case ST_HREFQ:
		/* In href of the a-tag */
		end_attr = memchr(buf, '"', len);
		if (end_attr == NULL)
			return 0;
		*end_attr = '\0';
		parser->state = ST_TAGA;
		if (fetch_add_entry(parser->ue, parser->url, buf, 1))
			return -1;
		return end_attr + 1 - buf;
	}
	/* NOTREACHED */
	abort();
}

struct http_index_cache {
	struct http_index_cache *next;
	struct url *location;
	struct url_list ue;
};

static struct http_index_cache *index_cache;

/*
 * List a directory
 */
int
fetchListHTTP(struct url_list *ue, struct url *url, const char *pattern, const char *flags)
{
	fetchIO *f;
	char buf[2 * PATH_MAX];
	size_t buf_len, sum_processed;
	ssize_t read_len, processed;
	struct index_parser state;
	struct http_index_cache *cache = NULL;
	int do_cache, ret;

	do_cache = CHECK_FLAG('c');

	if (do_cache) {
		for (cache = index_cache; cache != NULL; cache = cache->next) {
			if (strcmp(cache->location->scheme, url->scheme))
				continue;
			if (strcmp(cache->location->user, url->user))
				continue;
			if (strcmp(cache->location->pwd, url->pwd))
				continue;
			if (strcmp(cache->location->host, url->host))
				continue;
			if (cache->location->port != url->port)
				continue;
			if (strcmp(cache->location->doc, url->doc))
				continue;
			return fetchAppendURLList(ue, &cache->ue);
		}

		cache = malloc(sizeof(*cache));
		fetchInitURLList(&cache->ue);
		cache->location = fetchCopyURL(url);
	}

	f = fetchGetHTTP(url, flags);
	if (f == NULL) {
		if (do_cache) {
			fetchFreeURLList(&cache->ue);
			fetchFreeURL(cache->location);
			free(cache);
		}
		return -1;
	}

	state.url = url;
	state.state = ST_NONE;
	if (do_cache) {
		state.ue = &cache->ue;
	} else {
		state.ue = ue;
	}

	buf_len = 0;

	while ((read_len = fetchIO_read(f, buf + buf_len, sizeof(buf) - buf_len)) > 0) {
		buf_len += read_len;
		sum_processed = 0;
		do {
			processed = parse_index(&state, buf + sum_processed, buf_len);
			if (processed == -1)
				break;
			buf_len -= processed;
			sum_processed += processed;
		} while (processed != 0 && buf_len > 0);
		if (processed == -1) {
			read_len = -1;
			break;
		}
		memmove(buf, buf + sum_processed, buf_len);
	}

	fetchIO_close(f);

	ret = read_len < 0 ? -1 : 0;

	if (do_cache) {
		if (ret == 0) {
			cache->next = index_cache;
			index_cache = cache;
		}

		if (fetchAppendURLList(ue, &cache->ue))
			ret = -1;
	}

	return ret;
}