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upscaling by even one step too much creates 3-29 extra iterations for
the next loop. this is still suboptimal since it always goes by 2^29
rather than using a smaller upscale factor when nearing the target,
but performance on common, small-magnitude, few-digit values has
already more than doubled with this change.
more optimizations on the way...
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for example, "1000000000" was being read as "1" due to this loop
exiting early. it's necessary to actually update z and zero the
entries so that the subsequent rounding code does not get confused;
before i did that, spurious inexact exceptions were being raised.
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note that there's no need for a precise cutoff, because exponents this
large will always result in overflow or underflow (it's impossible to
read enough digits to compensate for the exponent magnitude; even at a
few nanoseconds per digit it would take hundreds of years).
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the immediate benefit is a significant debloating of the float parsing
code by moving the responsibility for keeping track of the number of
characters read to a different module.
by linking shgetc with the stdio buffer logic, counting logic is
defered to buffer refill time, keeping the calls to shgetc fast and
light.
in the future, shgetc will also be useful for integrating the new
float code with scanf, which needs to not only count the characters
consumed, but also limit the number of characters read based on field
width specifiers.
shgetc may also become a useful tool for simplifying the integer
parsing code.
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this version is intended to be fully conformant to the ISO C, POSIX,
and IEEE standards for conversion of decimal/hex floating point
strings to float, double, and long double (ld64 or ld80 only at
present) values. in particular, all results are intended to be rounded
correctly according to the current rounding mode. further, this
implementation aims to set the floating point underflow, overflow, and
inexact flags to reflect the conversion performed.
a moderate amount of testing has been performed (by nsz and myself)
prior to integration of the code in musl, but it still may have bugs.
so far, only strto(d|ld|f) use the new code. scanf integration will be
done as a separate commit, and i will add implementations of the wide
character functions later.
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