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2014-04-02avoid malloc failure for small requests when brk can't be extendedRich Felker1-1/+23
this issue mainly affects PIE binaries and execution of programs via direct invocation of the dynamic linker binary: depending on kernel behavior, in these cases the initial brk may be placed at at location where it cannot be extended, due to conflicting adjacent maps. when brk fails, mmap is used instead to expand the heap. in order to avoid expensive bookkeeping for managing fragmentation by merging these new heap regions, the minimum size for new heap regions increases exponentially in the number of regions. this limits the number of regions, and thereby the number of fixed fragmentation points, to a quantity which is logarithmic with respect to the size of virtual address space and thus negligible. the exponential growth is tuned so as to avoid expanding the heap by more than approximately 50% of its current total size.
2013-12-12include cleanups: remove unused headers and add feature test macrosSzabolcs Nagy1-1/+0
2013-10-05slightly optimize __brk for sizeRich Felker1-1/+1
there is no reason to check the return value for setting errno, since brk never returns errors, only the new value of the brk (which may be the same as the old, or otherwise differ from the requested brk, on failure). it may be beneficial to eventually just eliminate this file and make the syscalls inline in malloc.c.
2013-10-05fix failure of malloc to set errno on heap (brk) exhaustionRich Felker1-0/+1
I wrongly assumed the brk syscall would set errno, but on failure it returns the old value of the brk rather than an error code.
2013-09-20fix potential deadlock bug in libc-internal locking logicRich Felker1-8/+7
if a multithreaded program became non-multithreaded (i.e. all other threads exited) while one thread held an internal lock, the remaining thread would fail to release the lock. the the program then became multithreaded again at a later time, any further attempts to obtain the lock would deadlock permanently. the underlying cause is that the value of libc.threads_minus_1 at unlock time might not match the value at lock time. one solution would be returning a flag to the caller indicating whether the lock was taken and needs to be unlocked, but there is a simpler solution: using the lock itself as such a flag. note that this flag is not needed anyway for correctness; if the lock is not held, the unlock code is harmless. however, the memory synchronization properties associated with a_store are costly on some archs, so it's best to avoid executing the unlock code when it is unnecessary.
2013-07-23remove redundant check in memalignRich Felker1-1/+1
the case where mem was already aligned is handled earlier in the function now.
2013-07-23fix heap corruption bug in memalignRich Felker1-1/+3
this bug was caught by the new footer-corruption check in realloc and free. if the block returned by malloc was already aligned to the desired alignment, memalign's logic to split off the misaligned head was incorrect; rather than writing to a point inside the allocated block, it was overwriting the footer of the previous block on the heap with the value 1 (length 0 plus an in-use flag). fortunately, the impact of this bug was fairly low. (this is probably why it was not caught sooner.) due to the way the heap works, malloc will never return a block whose previous block is free. (doing so would be harmful because it would increase fragmentation with no benefit.) the footer is actually not needed for in-use blocks, except that its in-use bit needs to remain set so that it does not get merged with free blocks, so there was no harm in it being set to 1 instead of the correct value. however, there is one case where this bug could have had an impact: in multi-threaded programs, if another thread freed the previous block after memalign's call to malloc returned, but before memalign overwrote the previous block's footer, the resulting block in the free list could be left in a corrupt state. I have not analyzed the impact of this bad state and whether it could lead to more serious malfunction.
2013-07-19harden realloc/free to detect simple overflowsRich Felker1-0/+6
the sizes in the header and footer for a chunk should always match. if they don't, the program has definitely invoked undefined behavior, and the most likely cause is a simple overflow, either of a buffer in the block being freed or the one just below it. crashing here should not only improve security of buggy programs, but also aid in debugging, since the crash happens in a context where you have a pointer to the likely-overflowed buffer.
2013-07-04move core memalign code from aligned_alloc to __memalignRich Felker3-49/+55
there are two motivations for this change. one is to avoid gratuitously depending on a C11 symbol for implementing a POSIX function. the other pertains to the documented semantics. C11 does not define any behavior for aligned_alloc when the length argument is not a multiple of the alignment argument. posix_memalign on the other hand places no requirements on the length argument. using __memalign as the implementation of both, rather than trying to implement one in terms of the other when their documented contracts differ, eliminates this confusion.
2013-07-04move alignment check from aligned_alloc to posix_memalignRich Felker2-1/+2
C11 has no requirement that the alignment be a multiple of sizeof(void*), and in fact seems to require any "valid alignment supported by the implementation" to work. since the alignment of char is 1 and thus a valid alignment, an alignment argument of 1 should be accepted.
2012-12-07page-align initial brk value used by malloc in shared libcRich Felker1-1/+5
this change fixes an obscure issue with some nonstandard kernels, where the initial brk syscall returns a pointer just past the end of bss rather than the beginning of a new page. in that case, the dynamic linker has already reclaimed the space between the end of bss and the page end for use by malloc, and memory corruption (allocating the same memory twice) will occur when malloc again claims it on the first call to brk.
2012-12-06fix invalid read in aligned_allocRich Felker1-2/+3
in case of mmap-obtained chunks, end points past the end of the mapping and reading it may fault. since the value is not needed until after the conditional, move the access to prevent invalid reads.
2012-09-14workaround gcc got-register-reload performance problems in mallocRich Felker1-4/+8
with this patch, the malloc in libc.so built with -Os is nearly the same speed as the one built with -O3. thus it solves the performance regression that resulted from removing the forced -O3 when building libc.so; now libc.so can be both small and fast.
2012-08-25implement "low hanging fruit" from C11Rich Felker3-47/+55
based on Gregor's patch sent to the list. includes: - stdalign.h - removing gets in C11 mode - adding aligned_alloc and adjusting other functions to use it - adding 'x' flag to fopen for exclusive mode
2012-04-24ditch the priority inheritance locks; use malloc's version of lockRich Felker1-4/+4
i did some testing trying to switch malloc to use the new internal lock with priority inheritance, and my malloc contention test got 20-100 times slower. if priority inheritance futexes are this slow, it's simply too high a price to pay for avoiding priority inversion. maybe we can consider them somewhere down the road once the kernel folks get their act together on this (and perferably don't link it to glibc's inefficient lock API)... as such, i've switch __lock to use malloc's implementation of lightweight locks, and updated all the users of the code to use an array with a waiter count for their locks. this should give optimal performance in the vast majority of cases, and it's simple. malloc is still using its own internal copy of the lock code because it seems to yield measurably better performance with -O3 when it's inlined (20% or more difference in the contention stress test).
2011-11-16fix issue with excessive mremap syscalls on reallocRich Felker1-4/+2
CHUNK_SIZE macro was defined incorrectly and shaving off at least one significant bit in the size of mmapped chunks, resulting in the test for oldlen==newlen always failing and incurring a syscall. fortunately i don't think this issue caused any other observable behavior; the definition worked correctly for all non-mmapped chunks where its correctness matters more, since their lengths are always multiples of the alignment.
2011-08-23use new a_crash() asm to optimize double-free handler.Rich Felker1-2/+2
gcc generates extremely bad code (7 byte immediate mov) for the old null pointer write approach. it should be generating something like "xor %eax,%eax ; mov %al,(%eax)". in any case, using a dedicated crashing opcode accomplishes the same thing in one byte.
2011-08-15simplify and improve double-free checkRich Felker1-2/+2
a valid mmapped block will have an even (actually aligned) "extra" field, whereas a freed chunk on the heap will always have an in-use neighbor. this fixes a potential bug if mmap ever allocated memory below the main program/brk (in which case it would be wrongly-detected as a double-free by the old code) and allows the double-free check to work for donated memory outside of the brk area (or, in the future, secondary heap zones if support for their creation is added).
2011-06-29posix_memalign should fail if size is not a multiple of sizeof(void *)Rich Felker1-1/+1
2011-06-26eliminate OOB array hacks in mallocRich Felker1-46/+45
2011-06-12malloc: cast size down to int in bin_index functionsRich Felker1-2/+2
even if size_t was 32-bit already, the fact that the value was unsigned and that gcc is too stupid to figure out it would be positive as a signed quantity (due to the immediately-prior arithmetic and conditionals) results in gcc compiling the integer-to-float conversion as zero extension to 64 bits followed by an "fildll" (64 bit) instruction rather than a simple "fildl" (32 bit) instruction on x86. reportedly fildll is very slow on certain p4-class machines; even if not, the new code is slightly smaller.
2011-06-06use volatile pointers for intentional-crash code.Rich Felker1-2/+2
2011-04-20namespace fixes for sys/mman.hRich Felker1-0/+1
2011-04-04fix rare but nasty under-allocation bug in malloc with large requestsRich Felker1-1/+1
the bug appeared only with requests roughly 2*sizeof(size_t) to 4*sizeof(size_t) bytes smaller than a multiple of the page size, and only for requests large enough to be serviced by mmap instead of the normal heap. it was only ever observed on 64-bit machines but presumably could also affect 32-bit (albeit with a smaller window of opportunity).
2011-04-01avoid over-allocation of brk on first mallocRich Felker1-4/+4
if init_malloc returns positive (successful first init), malloc will retry getting a chunk from the free bins rather than expanding the heap again. also pass init_malloc a hint for the size of the initial allocation.
2011-03-30rename __simple_malloc.c to lite_malloc.c - yes this affects behavior!Rich Felker1-0/+0
why does this affect behavior? well, the linker seems to traverse archive files starting from its current position when resolving symbols. since calloc.c comes alphabetically (and thus in sequence in the archive file) between __simple_malloc.c and malloc.c, attempts to resolve the "malloc" symbol for use by calloc.c were pulling in the full malloc.c implementation rather than the __simple_malloc.c implementation. as of now, lite_malloc.c and malloc.c are adjacent in the archive and in the correct order, so malloc.c should never be used to resolve "malloc" unless it's already needed to resolve another symbol ("free" or "realloc").
2011-03-23very cheap double-free checks in mallocRich Felker1-0/+4
2011-03-20global cleanup to use the new syscall interfaceRich Felker1-1/+1
2011-02-20make malloc(0) return unique pointers rather than NULLRich Felker2-6/+10
this change is made with some reluctance, but i think it's for the best. correct programs must handle either behavior, so there is little advantage to having malloc(0) return NULL. and i managed to actually make the malloc code slightly smaller with this change.
2011-02-20fix simple_malloc malloc(0) behavior not to return non-unique pointersRich Felker1-0/+1
2011-02-20fix simple_malloc size restrictionsRich Felker1-5/+6
do not allow allocations that overflow ptrdiff_t; fix some overflow checks that were not quite right but didn't matter due to address layout implementation.
2011-02-12initial check-in, version 0.5.0v0.5.0Rich Felker7-0/+671