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With REG_NEWLINE, POSIX says:
"A <newline> in string shall not be matched by a period outside
a bracket expression or by any form of a non-matching list"
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In BRE, ^ is an anchor at the beginning of an expression, optionally
it may be an anchor at the beginning of a subexpression and must be
treated as a literal otherwise.
Previously musl treated ^ in subexpressions as literal, but at least
glibc and gnu sed treats it as an anchor and that's the more useful
behaviour: it can always be escaped to get back the literal meaning.
Same for $ at the end of a subexpression.
Portable BRE should not rely on this, but there are sed commands in
build scripts which do.
This changes the meaning of the BREs:
\(^a\)
\(a\|^b\)
\(a$\)
\(a$\|b\)
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the num_submatches field of some ast nodes was not initialized in
tre_add_tag_{left,right}, but was accessed later.
this was a benign bug since the uninitialized values were never used
(these values are created during tre_add_tags and copied around during
tre_expand_ast where they are also used in computations, but nothing
in the final tnfa depends on them).
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This is a workaround to treat * as literal * at the start of a BRE.
Ideally ^ would be treated as an anchor at the start of any BRE
subexpression and similarly $ would be an anchor at the end of any
subexpression. This is not required by the standard and hard to do
with the current code, but it's the existing practice. If it is
changed, * should be treated as literal after such anchor as well.
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commit 7eaa76fc2e7993582989d3838b1ac32dd8abac09 made * invalid at
the start of a BRE subexpression, but it should be accepted as
literal * there according to the standard.
This patch does not fix subexpressions starting with ^*.
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10k elements stack is increased to 1000k, otherwise tnfa creation fails
for reasonable sized patterns: a single literal char can add 7 elements
to this stack, so regcomp of an 1500 char long pattern (with only litral
chars) fails with REG_ESPACE. (the new limit allows about < 150k chars,
this arbitrary limit allows most command line regex usage.)
ideally there would be no upper bound: regcomp dynamically reallocates
this buffer, every reallocation checks for allocation failure and at
the end this stack is freed so there is no reason for special bound.
however that may have unwanted effect on regcomp and regexec runtime
so this is a conservative change.
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These are undefined escape sequences by the standard, but often
used in sed scripts.
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The goto logic was hard to follow and modify. This is
in preparation for the BRE \+ and \? support.
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The standard does not define semantics for \| in BRE, but some code
depends on it meaning alternation. Empty alternative expression is
allowed to be consistent with ERE.
Based on a patch by Rob Landley.
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Previously repetitions were accepted after empty expressions like
in (*|?)|{2}, but in BRE the handling of * and \{\} were not
consistent: they were accepted as literals in some cases and
repetitions in others.
It is better to treat repetitions after an empty expression as an
error (this is allowed by the standard, and glibc mostly does the
same). This is hard to do consistently with the current logic so
the new rule is:
Reject repetitions after empty expressions, except after assertions
^*, $? and empty groups ()+ and never treat them as literals.
Empty alternation (|a) is undefined by the standard, but it can be
useful so that should be accepted.
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This should not change the meaning of the code, just make the intent
clearer: advancing position is tied to adding a new literal.
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The error code of an allocating function was not checked in tre_add_tag.
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Internally regcomp needs to copy some iteration nodes before
translating the AST into TNFA representation.
Literal nodes were not copied correctly: the class type and list
of negated class types were not copied so classes were ignored
(in the non-negated case an ignored char class caused the literal
to match everything).
This affects iterations when the upper bound is finite, larger
than one or the lower bound is larger than one. So eg. the EREs
[[:digit:]]{2}
[^[:space:]ab]{1,4}
were treated as
.{2}
[^ab]{1,4}
The fix is done with minimal source modification to copy the
necessary fields, but the AST preparation and node handling
code of tre will need to be cleaned up for clarity.
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The valid BRE backref tokens are \1 .. \9, and 0 is not a special
character either so \0 is undefined by the standard.
Such undefined escaped characters are treated as literal characters
currently, following existing practice, so \0 is the same as 0.
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one of the features of ERE is that it's actually a regular language
and does not admit expressions which cannot be matched in linear time.
introduction of \n backref support into regcomp's ERE parsing was
unintentional.
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the regex parser handles the (undefined) case of an unexpected byte
following a backslash as a literal. however, instead of correctly
decoding a character, it was treating the byte value itself as a
character. this was not only semantically unjustified, but turned out
to be dangerous on archs where plain char is signed: bytes in the
range 252-255 alias the internal codes -4 through -1 used for special
types of literal nodes in the AST.
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The new code is a bit simpler and the generated code is about 1KB
smaller (on i386). The basic design was kept including internal
interfaces, TNFA generation was not touched.
The old tre parser had various issues:
[^aa-z]
negated overlapping ranges in a bracket expression were handled
incorrectly (eg [^aa-z] was handled as [^a] instead of [^a-z])
a{,2}
missing lower bound in a counted repetition should be an error,
but it was accepted with broken semantics: a{,2} was treated as
a{0,3}, the new parser rejects it
a{999,}
large min count was not rejected (a{5000,} failed with REG_ESPACE
due to reaching a stack limit), the new parser enforces the
RE_DUP_MAX limit
\xff
regcomp used to accept a pattern with illegal sequences in it
(treated them as empty expression so p\xffq matched pq) the new
parser rejects such patterns with REG_BADPAT or REG_ERANGE
[^b-fD-H] with REG_ICASE
old parser turned this into [^b-fB-F] because of the negated
overlapping range issue (see above), the new parser treats it
as [^b-hB-H], POSIX seems to require [^d-fD-F], but practical
implementations do case-folding first and negate the character
set later instead of the other way around. (Supporting the posix
way efficiently would require significant changes so it was left
as is, it is unclear if any application actually expects the
posix behaviour, this issue is raised on the austingroup tracker:
http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=872 ).
another case-insensitive matching issue is that unicode case
folding rules can group more than two characters together while
towupper and towlower can only work for a pair of upper and
lower case characters, this is a limitation of POSIX so it is
not fixed.
invalid bracket and brace expressions may return different error
codes now (REG_ERANGE instead of REG_EBRACK or REG_BADBR instead
of REG_EBRACE) otherwise the new parser should be compatible with
the old one.
regcomp should be able to handle arbitrary pattern input if the
pattern length is limited, the only exception is the use of large
repetition counts (eg. (a{255}){255}) which require exp amount
of memory and there is no easy workaround.
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sizeof had incorrect argument in a few places, the size was always
large enough so the issue was not critical.
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some structs and functions had reference to the params
feature of tre that is not used by the code anymore
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to deal with the fact that the public headers may be used with pre-c99
compilers, __restrict is used in place of restrict, and defined
appropriately for any supported compiler. we also avoid the form
[restrict] since older versions of gcc rejected it due to a bug in the
original c99 standard, and instead use the form *restrict.
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these are cruft from the original code which used an explicit string
length rather than null termination. i blindly converted all the
checks to null terminator checks, without noticing that in several
cases, the subsequent switch statement would automatically handle the
null byte correctly.
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i don't understand why this has to be conditional on being in BRE
mode, but enabling this code unconditionally breaks a huge number of
ERE test cases.
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1. * in BRE is not special at the beginning of the regex or a
subexpression. this broke ncurses' build scripts.
2. \\( in BRE is a literal \ followed by a literal (, not a literal \
followed by a subexpression opener.
3. the ^ in \\(^ in BRE is a literal ^ only at the beginning of the
entire BRE. POSIX allows treating it as an anchor at the beginning of
a subexpression, but TRE's code for checking if it was at the
beginning of a subexpression was wrong, and fixing it for the sake of
supporting a non-portable usage was too much trouble when just
removing this non-portable behavior was much easier.
this patch also moved lots of the ugly logic for empty atom checking
out of the default/literal case and into new cases for the relevant
characters. this should make parsing faster and make the code smaller.
if nothing else it's a lot more readable/logical.
at some point i'd like to revisit and overhaul lots of this code...
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TRE wants to treat + and ? after a +, ?, or * as special; ? means
ungreedy and + is reserved for future use. however, this is
non-conformant. although redundant, these redundant characters have
well-defined (no-op) meaning for POSIX ERE, and are actually _literal_
characters (which TRE is wrongly ignoring) in POSIX BRE mode.
the simplest fix is to simply remove the unneeded nonstandard
functionality. as a plus, this shaves off a small amount of bloat.
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the main practical results of this change are
1. the regex code is no longer subject to LGPL; it's now 2-clause BSD
2. most (all?) popular nonstandard regex extensions are supported
I hesitate to call this a "sync" since both the old and new code are
heavily modified. in one sense, the old code was "more severely"
modified, in that it was actively hostile to non-strictly-conforming
expressions. on the other hand, the new code has eliminated the
useless translation of the entire regex string to wchar_t prior to
compiling, and now only converts multibyte character literals as
needed.
in the future i may use this modified TRE as a basis for writing the
long-planned new regex engine that will avoid multibyte-to-wide
character conversion entirely by compiling multibyte bracket
expressions specific to UTF-8.
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