unmaintained a* packages: update to use f-strings (#40467)

42 files changed, 137 insertions, 164 deletions

diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-compliance-checker/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-compliance-checker/package.py
index 05d57471ba..6f575badd2 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-compliance-checker/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-compliance-checker/package.py
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ class AbiComplianceChecker(MakefilePackage):
     depends_on("universal-ctags")
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        make("prefix={0}".format(prefix), "install")
+        make(f"prefix={prefix}", "install")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-dumper/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-dumper/package.py
index f649bf9db2..584eed3664 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-dumper/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abi-dumper/package.py
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ class AbiDumper(Package):
     depends_on("vtable-dumper@1.1:")
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        make("prefix={0}".format(prefix), "install")
+        make(f"prefix={prefix}", "install")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abinit/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abinit/package.py
index 445fc60bbe..a343bf69d7 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abinit/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abinit/package.py
@@ -101,11 +101,7 @@ class Abinit(AutotoolsPackage):
     # TODO: The logic here can be reversed with the new concretizer. Instead of
     # using `conflicts`, `depends_on` could be used instead.
     for fftw in ["amdfftw", "cray-fftw", "fujitsu-fftw", "fftw"]:
-        conflicts(
-            "+openmp",
-            when="^{0}~openmp".format(fftw),
-            msg="Need to request {0} +openmp".format(fftw),
-        )
+        conflicts("+openmp", when=f"^{fftw}~openmp", msg=f"Need to request {fftw} +openmp")
 
     mkl_message = "Need to set dependent variant to threads=openmp"
     conflicts("+openmp", when="^intel-mkl threads=none", msg=mkl_message)
@@ -137,34 +133,28 @@ class Abinit(AutotoolsPackage):
 
         oapp = options.append
         if "@:8" in spec:
-            oapp("--enable-optim={0}".format(self.spec.variants["optimization-flavor"].value))
+            oapp(f"--enable-optim={self.spec.variants['optimization-flavor'].value}")
         else:
-            oapp("--with-optim-flavor={0}".format(self.spec.variants["optimization-flavor"].value))
+            oapp(f"--with-optim-flavor={self.spec.variants['optimization-flavor'].value}")
 
         if "+wannier90" in spec:
             if "@:8" in spec:
-                oapp(
-                    "--with-wannier90-libs=-L{0}".format(
-                        spec["wannier90"].prefix.lib + " -lwannier -lm"
-                    )
-                )
-                oapp("--with-wannier90-incs=-I{0}".format(spec["wannier90"].prefix.modules))
-                oapp("--with-wannier90-bins={0}".format(spec["wannier90"].prefix.bin))
+                oapp(f"--with-wannier90-libs=-L{spec['wannier90'].prefix.lib} -lwannier -lm")
+                oapp(f"--with-wannier90-incs=-I{spec['wannier90'].prefix.modules}")
+                oapp(f"--with-wannier90-bins={spec['wannier90'].prefix.bin}")
                 oapp("--enable-connectors")
                 oapp("--with-dft-flavor=atompaw+libxc+wannier90")
             else:
                 options.extend(
                     [
-                        "WANNIER90_CPPFLAGS=-I{0}".format(spec["wannier90"].prefix.modules),
-                        "WANNIER90_LIBS=-L{0} {1}".format(
-                            spec["wannier90"].prefix.lib, "-lwannier"
-                        ),
+                        f"WANNIER90_CPPFLAGS=-I{spec['wannier90'].prefix.modules}",
+                        f"WANNIER90_LIBS=-L{spec['wannier90'].prefix.lib} -lwannier",
                     ]
                 )
         else:
             if "@:9.8" in spec:
-                oapp("--with-fftw={0}".format(spec["fftw-api"].prefix))
-                oapp("--with-hdf5={0}".format(spec["hdf5"].prefix))
+                oapp(f"--with-fftw={spec['fftw-api'].prefix}")
+                oapp(f"--with-hdf5={spec['hdf5'].prefix}")
 
             if "@:8" in spec:
                 oapp("--with-dft-flavor=atompaw+libxc")
@@ -172,9 +162,9 @@ class Abinit(AutotoolsPackage):
                 "--without-wannier90",
 
         if "+mpi" in spec:
-            oapp("CC={0}".format(spec["mpi"].mpicc))
-            oapp("CXX={0}".format(spec["mpi"].mpicxx))
-            oapp("FC={0}".format(spec["mpi"].mpifc))
+            oapp(f"CC={spec['mpi'].mpicc}")
+            oapp(f"CXX={spec['mpi'].mpicxx}")
+            oapp(f"FC={spec['mpi'].mpifc}")
 
             # MPI version:
             # let the configure script auto-detect MPI support from mpi_prefix
@@ -208,14 +198,14 @@ class Abinit(AutotoolsPackage):
         if "+scalapack" in spec:
             linalg = spec["scalapack"].libs + linalg
             if "@:8" in spec:
-                linalg_flavor = "scalapack+{0}".format(linalg_flavor)
+                linalg_flavor = f"scalapack+{linalg_flavor}"
 
         if "@:8" in spec:
-            oapp("--with-linalg-libs={0}".format(linalg.ld_flags))
+            oapp(f"--with-linalg-libs={linalg.ld_flags}")
         else:
-            oapp("LINALG_LIBS={0}".format(linalg.ld_flags))
+            oapp(f"LINALG_LIBS={linalg.ld_flags}")
 
-        oapp("--with-linalg-flavor={0}".format(linalg_flavor))
+        oapp(f"--with-linalg-flavor={linalg_flavor}")
 
         if "^mkl" in spec:
             fftflavor = "dfti"
@@ -225,32 +215,32 @@ class Abinit(AutotoolsPackage):
             else:
                 fftflavor, fftlibs = "fftw3", "-lfftw3 -lfftw3f"
 
-        oapp("--with-fft-flavor={0}".format(fftflavor))
+        oapp(f"--with-fft-flavor={fftflavor}")
 
         if "@:8" in spec:
             if "^mkl" in spec:
-                oapp("--with-fft-incs={0}".format(spec["fftw-api"].headers.cpp_flags))
-                oapp("--with-fft-libs={0}".format(spec["fftw-api"].libs.ld_flags))
+                oapp(f"--with-fft-incs={spec['fftw-api'].headers.cpp_flags}")
+                oapp(f"--with-fft-libs={spec['fftw-api'].libs.ld_flags}")
             else:
                 options.extend(
                     [
-                        "--with-fft-incs={0}".format(spec["fftw-api"].headers.cpp_flags),
-                        "--with-fft-libs=-L{0} {1}".format(spec["fftw-api"].prefix.lib, fftlibs),
+                        f"--with-fft-incs={spec['fftw-api'].headers.cpp_flags}",
+                        f"--with-fft-libs=-L{spec['fftw-api'].prefix.lib} {fftlibs}",
                     ]
                 )
         else:
             if "^mkl" in spec:
                 options.extend(
                     [
-                        "FFT_CPPFLAGS={0}".format(spec["fftw-api"].headers.cpp_flags),
-                        "FFT_LIBs={0}".format(spec["fftw-api"].libs.ld_flags),
+                        f"FFT_CPPFLAGS={spec['fftw-api'].headers.cpp_flags}",
+                        f"FFT_LIBs={spec['fftw-api'].libs.ld_flags}",
                     ]
                 )
             else:
                 options.extend(
                     [
-                        "FFTW3_CPPFLAGS={0}".format(spec["fftw-api"].headers.cpp_flags),
-                        "FFTW3_LIBS=-L{0} {1}".format(spec["fftw-api"].prefix.lib, fftlibs),
+                        f"FFTW3_CPPFLAGS={spec['fftw-api'].headers.cpp_flags}",
+                        f"FFTW3_LIBS=-L{spec['fftw-api'].prefix.lib} {fftlibs}",
                     ]
                 )
 
@@ -259,12 +249,12 @@ class Abinit(AutotoolsPackage):
         if "@:8" in spec:
             options.extend(
                 [
-                    "--with-libxc-incs={0}".format(libxc.headers.cpp_flags),
-                    "--with-libxc-libs={0}".format(libxc.libs.ld_flags + " -lm"),
+                    f"--with-libxc-incs={libxc.headers.cpp_flags}",
+                    f"--with-libxc-libs={libxc.libs.ld_flags + ' -lm'}",
                 ]
             )
         else:
-            oapp("--with-libxc={0}".format(libxc.prefix))
+            oapp(f"--with-libxc={libxc.prefix}")
 
         # Netcdf4/HDF5
         hdf5 = spec["hdf5:hl"]
@@ -276,24 +266,21 @@ class Abinit(AutotoolsPackage):
             # to link with the high level HDF5 library
             options.extend(
                 [
-                    "--with-netcdf-incs={0}".format(
+                    "--with-netcdf-incs={}".format(
                         netcdfc.headers.cpp_flags + " " + netcdff.headers.cpp_flags
                     ),
-                    "--with-netcdf-libs={0}".format(
+                    "--with-netcdf-libs={}".format(
                         netcdff.libs.ld_flags + " " + hdf5.libs.ld_flags
                     ),
                 ]
             )
         else:
             options.extend(
-                [
-                    "--with-netcdf={0}".format(netcdfc.prefix),
-                    "--with-netcdf-fortran={0}".format(netcdff.prefix),
-                ]
+                [f"--with-netcdf={netcdfc.prefix}", f"--with-netcdf-fortran={netcdff.prefix}"]
             )
 
         if self.spec.satisfies("%fj"):
-            oapp("FCFLAGS_MODDIR=-M{0}".format(join_path(self.stage.source_path, "src/mods")))
+            oapp(f"FCFLAGS_MODDIR=-M{join_path(self.stage.source_path, 'src/mods')}")
 
         return options
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abyss/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abyss/package.py
index c345626761..1cb46a8957 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abyss/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/abyss/package.py
@@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ class Abyss(AutotoolsPackage):
     def configure_args(self):
         maxk = int(self.spec.variants["maxk"].value)
         args = [
-            "--with-boost=%s" % self.spec["boost"].prefix,
-            "--with-sqlite=%s" % self.spec["sqlite"].prefix,
-            "--with-mpi=%s" % self.spec["mpi"].prefix,
+            f"--with-boost={self.spec['boost'].prefix}",
+            f"--with-sqlite={self.spec['sqlite'].prefix}",
+            f"--with-mpi={self.spec['mpi'].prefix}",
         ]
         if maxk:
-            args.append("--enable-maxk=%s" % maxk)
+            args.append(f"--enable-maxk={maxk}")
         if self.spec["mpi"].name == "mpich":
             args.append("--enable-mpich")
         return args
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/accfft/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/accfft/package.py
index aa32f1b0a5..eb99aec484 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/accfft/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/accfft/package.py
@@ -32,15 +32,15 @@ class Accfft(CMakePackage, CudaPackage):
     def cmake_args(self):
         spec = self.spec
         args = [
-            "-DFFTW_ROOT={0}".format(spec["fftw"].prefix),
-            "-DFFTW_USE_STATIC_LIBS=false",
-            "-DBUILD_GPU={0}".format("true" if "+cuda" in spec else "false"),
-            "-DBUILD_SHARED={0}".format("true" if "+shared" in spec else "false"),
+            self.define("FFTW_ROOT", spec["fftw"].prefix),
+            self.define("FFTW_USE_STATIC_LIBS", "false"),
+            self.define("BUILD_GPU", str(spec.satisfies("+cuda")).lower()),
+            self.define("BUILD_SHARED", str(spec.satisfies("+shared")).lower()),
         ]
 
         if "+cuda" in spec:
             cuda_arch = [x for x in spec.variants["cuda_arch"].value if x]
             if cuda_arch:
-                args.append("-DCUDA_NVCC_FLAGS={0}".format(" ".join(self.cuda_flags(cuda_arch))))
+                args.append(f"-DCUDA_NVCC_FLAGS={' '.join(self.cuda_flags(cuda_arch))}")
 
         return args
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ace/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ace/package.py
index c152bbdeb6..afd164fc31 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ace/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ace/package.py
@@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ class Ace(MakefilePackage):
                     "include $(ACE_ROOT)/include/makeinclude/"
                     "platform_linux" + supported[self.compiler.name] + ".GNU\n"
                 )
-                f.write("INSTALL_PREFIX=%s" % prefix)
+                f.write(f"INSTALL_PREFIX={prefix}")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ack/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ack/package.py
index 684106ff5d..320f9e818c 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ack/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ack/package.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Ack(Package):
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
         mkdirp(prefix.bin)
-        ack_source = "ack-{0}-single-file".format(self.version)
+        ack_source = f"ack-{self.version}-single-file"
         ack_installed = join_path(prefix.bin, "ack")
 
         # install source
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/acpica-tools/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/acpica-tools/package.py
index 55fee583c7..c9d063a5a9 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/acpica-tools/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/acpica-tools/package.py
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ class AcpicaTools(MakefilePackage):
     depends_on("bison", type="build")
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        make("PREFIX={0}".format(prefix), "install")
+        make(f"PREFIX={prefix}", "install")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/activeharmony/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/activeharmony/package.py
index e3f2d92955..62af3515b9 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/activeharmony/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/activeharmony/package.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class Activeharmony(MakefilePackage):
 
     @when("@:4.5")
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        make("install", "PREFIX=%s" % prefix)
+        make("install", f"PREFIX={prefix}")
 
     @when("@4.6.0:")
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/adf/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/adf/package.py
index 908cd5351f..244087f111 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/adf/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/adf/package.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Adf(Package):
     version("2017.113", sha256="666ef15d253b74c707dd14da35e7cf283ca20e21e24ed43cb953fb9d1f2f1e15")
 
     def url_for_version(self, version):
-        return "file://{0}/adf/adf{1}.pc64_linux.openmpi.bin.tgz".format(os.getcwd(), version)
+        return f"file://{os.getcwd()}/adf/adf{version}.pc64_linux.openmpi.bin.tgz"
 
     # Licensing
     license_required = True
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alglib/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alglib/package.py
index f962d0fd44..98ade340fd 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alglib/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alglib/package.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Alglib(MakefilePackage):
         filter_file(r"so", dso_suffix, make_file)
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        name = "libalglib.{0}".format(dso_suffix)
+        name = f"libalglib.{dso_suffix}"
         with working_dir("src"):
             mkdirp(prefix.lib)
             install(name, prefix.lib)
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alsa-lib/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alsa-lib/package.py
index 631e9bf685..46e3d2f1bf 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alsa-lib/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/alsa-lib/package.py
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ class AlsaLib(AutotoolsPackage):
         spec = self.spec
         args = []
         if spec.satisfies("+python"):
-            args.append("--with-pythonlibs={0}".format(spec["python"].libs.ld_flags))
-            args.append("--with-pythonincludes={0}".format(spec["python"].headers.include_flags))
+            args.append(f"--with-pythonlibs={spec['python'].libs.ld_flags}")
+            args.append(f"--with-pythonincludes={spec['python'].headers.include_flags}")
         else:
             args.append("--disable-python")
         return args
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2013/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2013/package.py
index 638e874a46..def0b495a8 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2013/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2013/package.py
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ class Amg2013(MakefilePackage):
         if "+int64" in self.spec:
             include_cflags.append("-DHYPRE_BIGINT")
 
-        targets.append("INCLUDE_CFLAGS={0}".format(" ".join(include_cflags)))
-        targets.append("INCLUDE_LFLAGS={0}".format(" ".join(include_lflags)))
-        targets.append("CC={0}".format(self.spec["mpi"].mpicc))
+        targets.append(f"INCLUDE_CFLAGS={' '.join(include_cflags)}")
+        targets.append(f"INCLUDE_LFLAGS={' '.join(include_lflags)}")
+        targets.append(f"CC={self.spec['mpi'].mpicc}")
 
         return targets
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2023/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2023/package.py
index 96b2dc335d..a2e8b676e9 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2023/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amg2023/package.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Amg2023(CMakePackage, CudaPackage, ROCmPackage):
         cmake_options = []
         cmake_options.append(self.define_from_variant("AMG_WITH_CALIPER", "caliper"))
         cmake_options.append(self.define_from_variant("AMG_WITH_OMP", "openmp"))
-        cmake_options.append("-DHYPRE_PREFIX={0}".format(self.spec["hypre"].prefix))
+        cmake_options.append(self.define("HYPRE_PREFIX", self.spec["hypre"].prefix))
         if self.spec["hypre"].satisfies("+cuda"):
             cmake_options.append("-DAMG_WITH_CUDA=ON")
         if self.spec["hypre"].satisfies("+rocm"):
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amp/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amp/package.py
index 1716a13e57..f0ec4071ce 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amp/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amp/package.py
@@ -117,9 +117,7 @@ class Amp(CMakePackage):
         ):
             if "+" + vname in spec:
                 tpl_list.append(vname.upper())
-                options.append(
-                    self.define("TPL_{0}_INSTALL_DIR".format(vname.upper()), spec[vname].prefix)
-                )
+                options.append(self.define(f"TPL_{vname.upper()}_INSTALL_DIR", spec[vname].prefix))
 
         if "+netcdf" in spec:
             tpl_list.append("NETCDF")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/anicalculator/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/anicalculator/package.py
index b14e05a670..9d002975d9 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/anicalculator/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/anicalculator/package.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Anicalculator(Package):
     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/mirrors.html"""
 
     homepage = "https://ani.jgi.doe.gov/html/download.php?"
-    url = "file://{0}/ANIcalculator_v1.tgz".format(os.getcwd())
+    url = f"file://{os.getcwd()}/ANIcalculator_v1.tgz"
     manual_download = True
 
     version("1", sha256="236596a9a204cbcad162fc66be3506b2530b1f48f4f84d9647ccec3ca7483a43")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ape/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ape/package.py
index 9468a7f9a6..39b833ab0e 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ape/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ape/package.py
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class Ape(Package):
         args = []
         args.extend(
             [
-                "--prefix=%s" % prefix,
-                "--with-gsl-prefix=%s" % spec["gsl"].prefix,
-                "--with-libxc-prefix=%s" % spec["libxc"].prefix,
+                f"--prefix={prefix}",
+                f"--with-gsl-prefix={spec['gsl'].prefix}",
+                f"--with-libxc-prefix={spec['libxc'].prefix}",
             ]
         )
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr-util/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr-util/package.py
index 2351c48619..dc0fad53d2 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr-util/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr-util/package.py
@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ class AprUtil(AutotoolsPackage):
     @property
     def libs(self):
         return find_libraries(
-            ["libaprutil-{0}".format(self.version.up_to(1))], root=self.prefix, recursive=True
+            [f"libaprutil-{self.version.up_to(1)}"], root=self.prefix, recursive=True
         )
 
     def configure_args(self):
         spec = self.spec
 
         args = [
-            "--with-apr={0}".format(spec["apr"].prefix),
-            "--with-expat={0}".format(spec["expat"].prefix),
-            "--with-iconv={0}".format(spec["iconv"].prefix),
+            f"--with-apr={spec['apr'].prefix}",
+            f"--with-expat={spec['expat'].prefix}",
+            f"--with-iconv={spec['iconv'].prefix}",
             # TODO: Add support for the following database managers
             "--without-ndbm",
             "--without-berkeley-db",
@@ -55,34 +55,30 @@ class AprUtil(AutotoolsPackage):
         ]
 
         if "+crypto" in spec:
-            args.extend(["--with-crypto", "--with-openssl={0}".format(spec["openssl"].prefix)])
+            args.extend(["--with-crypto", f"--with-openssl={spec['openssl'].prefix}"])
         else:
             args.append("--without-crypto")
 
         if "+gdbm" in spec:
-            args.append("--with-gdbm={0}".format(spec["gdbm"].prefix))
+            args.append(f"--with-gdbm={spec['gdbm'].prefix}")
         else:
             args.append("--without-gdbm")
 
         if "+pgsql" in spec:
-            args.append("--with-pgsql={0}".format(spec["postgresql"].prefix))
+            args.append(f"--with-pgsql={spec['postgresql'].prefix}")
         else:
             args.append("--without-pgsql")
 
         if "+sqlite" in spec:
             if spec.satisfies("^sqlite@3.0:3"):
-                args.extend(
-                    ["--with-sqlite3={0}".format(spec["sqlite"].prefix), "--without-sqlite2"]
-                )
+                args.extend([f"--with-sqlite3={spec['sqlite'].prefix}", "--without-sqlite2"])
             elif spec.satisfies("^sqlite@2.0:2"):
-                args.extend(
-                    ["--with-sqlite2={0}".format(spec["sqlite"].prefix), "--without-sqlite3"]
-                )
+                args.extend([f"--with-sqlite2={spec['sqlite'].prefix}", "--without-sqlite3"])
         else:
             args.extend(["--without-sqlite2", "--without-sqlite3"])
 
         if "+odbc" in spec:
-            args.append("--with-odbc={0}".format(spec["unixodbc"].prefix))
+            args.append(f"--with-odbc={spec['unixodbc'].prefix}")
         else:
             args.append("--without-odbc")
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr/package.py
index de82ee5817..45de21e3ee 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/apr/package.py
@@ -26,5 +26,5 @@ class Apr(AutotoolsPackage):
     @property
     def libs(self):
         return find_libraries(
-            ["libapr-{0}".format(self.version.up_to(1))], root=self.prefix, recursive=True
+            [f"libapr-{self.version.up_to(1)}"], root=self.prefix, recursive=True
         )
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aragorn/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aragorn/package.py
index dc55dc52bb..8ac7894192 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aragorn/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aragorn/package.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class Aragorn(Package):
 
     # fix checksum error
     def url_for_version(self, version):
-        return "http://www.ansikte.se/ARAGORN/Downloads/aragorn{0}.c".format(version)
+        return f"http://www.ansikte.se/ARAGORN/Downloads/aragorn{version}.c"
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
         cc = Executable(spack_cc)
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/archer/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/archer/package.py
index 8492eebc96..52011bebd4 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/archer/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/archer/package.py
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ class Archer(CMakePackage):
 
     def cmake_args(self):
         return [
-            "-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang",
-            "-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++",
-            "-DOMP_PREFIX:PATH=%s" % self.spec["llvm-openmp-ompt"].prefix,
+            self.define("CMAKE_C_COMPILER", "clang"),
+            self.define("CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER", "clang++"),
+            self.define("OMP_PREFIX:PATH", self.spec["llvm-openmp-ompt"].prefix),
         ]
 
     @run_after("install")
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Archer(CMakePackage):
             raise SkipTest("Parallel test directory does not exist")
 
         test_exe = "parallel-simple"
-        test_src = "{0}.c".format(test_exe)
+        test_src = f"{test_exe}.c"
         with working_dir(test_dir):
             clang = which("clang-archer")
             clang("-o", test_exe, test_src)
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/argon2/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/argon2/package.py
index c9762b6bc9..d41ba9761c 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/argon2/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/argon2/package.py
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ class Argon2(MakefilePackage):
     version("20161029", sha256="fe0049728b946b58b94cc6db89b34e2d050c62325d16316a534d2bedd78cd5e7")
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        make("PREFIX={0}".format(prefix), "install", "LIBRARY_REL=lib")
+        make(f"PREFIX={prefix}", "install", "LIBRARY_REL=lib")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/armadillo/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/armadillo/package.py
index 9d83de741a..78794086f9 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/armadillo/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/armadillo/package.py
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ class Armadillo(CMakePackage):
 
         return [
             # ARPACK support
-            "-DARPACK_LIBRARY={0}".format(spec["arpack-ng"].libs.joined(";")),
+            self.define("ARPACK_LIBRARY", spec["arpack-ng"].libs.joined(";")),
             # BLAS support
-            "-DBLAS_LIBRARY={0}".format(spec["blas"].libs.joined(";")),
+            self.define("BLAS_LIBRARY", spec["blas"].libs.joined(";")),
             # LAPACK support
-            "-DLAPACK_LIBRARY={0}".format(spec["lapack"].libs.joined(";")),
+            self.define("LAPACK_LIBRARY", spec["lapack"].libs.joined(";")),
             # SuperLU support
-            "-DSuperLU_INCLUDE_DIR={0}".format(spec["superlu"].prefix.include),
-            "-DSuperLU_LIBRARY={0}".format(spec["superlu"].libs.joined(";")),
+            self.define("SuperLU_INCLUDE_DIR", spec["superlu"].prefix.include),
+            self.define("SuperLU_LIBRARY", spec["superlu"].libs.joined(";")),
             # HDF5 support
-            "-DDETECT_HDF5={0}".format("ON" if "+hdf5" in spec else "OFF"),
+            self.define("DETECT_HDF5", "ON" if spec.satisfies("+hdf5") else "OFF"),
         ]
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/arpack-ng/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/arpack-ng/package.py
index 92176069c1..c50b90d6d1 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/arpack-ng/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/arpack-ng/package.py
@@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ class AutotoolsBuilder(spack.build_systems.autotools.AutotoolsBuilder):
         options = (
             self.enable_or_disable("mpi")
             + [
-                "--with-blas={0}".format(spec["blas"].libs.ld_flags),
-                "--with-lapack={0}".format(spec["lapack"].libs.ld_flags),
+                f"--with-blas={spec['blas'].libs.ld_flags}",
+                f"--with-lapack={spec['lapack'].libs.ld_flags}",
             ]
             + self.enable_or_disable("shared")
         )
 
         if "+mpi" in spec:
-            options.append("F77={0}".format(spec["mpi"].mpif77))
+            options.append(f"F77={spec['mpi'].mpif77}")
 
         return options
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/asdcplib/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/asdcplib/package.py
index 7ca3b2f9f1..5aec849ee5 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/asdcplib/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/asdcplib/package.py
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ class Asdcplib(AutotoolsPackage):
     def configure_args(self):
         spec = self.spec
 
-        args = ["--with-openssl={0}".format(spec["openssl"].prefix)]
+        args = [f"--with-openssl={spec['openssl'].prefix}"]
 
         return args
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspa/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspa/package.py
index 6bfbad1d39..8219a46b00 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspa/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspa/package.py
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ class Aspa(MakefilePackage):
         targets = [
             "--directory=exec",
             "--file=Makefile",
-            "LIBS={0} {1} {2}".format(
+            "LIBS={} {} {}".format(
                 self.spec["lapack"].libs.ld_flags,
                 self.spec["blas"].libs.ld_flags,
                 self.spec["hdf5"].libs.ld_flags,
             ),
-            "CXX={0}".format(self.spec["mpi"].mpicxx),
+            f"CXX={self.spec['mpi'].mpicxx}",
         ]
         return targets
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspcud/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspcud/package.py
index fbaef453e9..8233dcaba0 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspcud/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspcud/package.py
@@ -28,11 +28,9 @@ class Aspcud(CMakePackage):
     depends_on("clingo")
 
     def cmake_args(self):
-        spec = self.spec
-        gringo_path = join_path(spec["clingo"].prefix.bin, "gringo")
-        clasp_path = join_path(spec["clingo"].prefix.bin, "clasp")
-        args = [
-            "-DASPCUD_GRINGO_PATH={0}".format(gringo_path),
-            "-DASPCUD_CLASP_PATH={0}".format(clasp_path),
+        gringo_path = join_path(self.spec["clingo"].prefix.bin, "gringo")
+        clasp_path = join_path(self.spec["clingo"].prefix.bin, "clasp")
+        return [
+            self.define("ASPCUD_GRINGO_PATH", gringo_path),
+            self.define("ASPCUD_CLASP_PATH", clasp_path),
         ]
-        return args
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspera-cli/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspera-cli/package.py
index afa63b4c33..91aa1e19e4 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspera-cli/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/aspera-cli/package.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class AsperaCli(Package):
         # Update destination path
         filter_file(
             "INSTALL_DIR=~/.aspera",
-            "INSTALL_DIR=%s" % prefix,
+            f"INSTALL_DIR={prefix}",
             runfile,
             string=True,
             stop_at="__ARCHIVE_FOLLOWS__",
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astral/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astral/package.py
index 3afa3691ba..af196ab9c3 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astral/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astral/package.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class Astral(Package):
         make()
         mkdirp(prefix.bin)
         install_tree("lib", prefix.tools.lib)
-        jar_file = "astral.{v}.jar".format(v=self.version)
+        jar_file = f"astral.{self.version}.jar"
         install(jar_file, prefix.tools)
 
         script_sh = join_path(os.path.dirname(__file__), "astral.sh")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astyle/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astyle/package.py
index 951661004b..ef4fe29378 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astyle/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/astyle/package.py
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ class Astyle(MakefilePackage):
 
     def edit(self, spec, prefix):
         makefile = join_path(self.build_directory, "Makefile")
-        filter_file(r"^CXX\s*=.*", "CXX=%s" % spack_cxx, makefile)
+        filter_file(r"^CXX\s*=.*", f"CXX={spack_cxx}", makefile)
         # If the group is not a user account, the installation will fail,
         # so remove the -o $ (USER) -g $ (USER) parameter.
         filter_file(r"^INSTALL=.*", "INSTALL=install", makefile)
 
     @property
     def install_targets(self):
-        return ["install", "prefix={0}".format(self.prefix)]
+        return ["install", f"prefix={self.prefix}"]
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-atk/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-atk/package.py
index 27e875f9f6..6e2f492112 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-atk/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-atk/package.py
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ class AtSpi2Atk(MesonPackage):
     def url_for_version(self, version):
         """Handle gnome's version-based custom URLs."""
         url = "http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/at-spi2-atk"
-        return url + "/%s/at-spi2-atk-%s.tar.xz" % (version.up_to(2), version)
+        return url + f"/{version.up_to(2)}/at-spi2-atk-{version}.tar.xz"
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-core/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-core/package.py
index f1bf5a61c8..ec8cbd5e23 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-core/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/at-spi2-core/package.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class AtSpi2Core(MesonPackage):
     def url_for_version(self, version):
         """Handle gnome's version-based custom URLs."""
         url = "http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/at-spi2-core"
-        return url + "/%s/at-spi2-core-%s.tar.xz" % (version.up_to(2), version)
+        return url + f"/{version.up_to(2)}/at-spi2-core-{version}.tar.xz"
 
     def setup_run_environment(self, env):
         env.prepend_path("GI_TYPELIB_PATH", join_path(self.prefix.lib, "girepository-1.0"))
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atk/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atk/package.py
index 41dec1c587..52849669ec 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atk/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atk/package.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class Atk(Package):
     def url_for_version(self, version):
         """Handle gnome's version-based custom URLs."""
         url = "http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/atk"
-        return url + "/%s/atk-%s.tar.xz" % (version.up_to(2), version)
+        return url + f"/{version.up_to(2)}/atk-{version}.tar.xz"
 
     def setup_run_environment(self, env):
         env.prepend_path("GI_TYPELIB_PATH", join_path(self.prefix.lib, "girepository-1.0"))
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class Atk(Package):
 
     @when("@:2.27")
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        configure("--prefix={0}".format(prefix))
+        configure(f"--prefix={prefix}")
         make()
         if self.run_tests:
             make("check")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atlas/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atlas/package.py
index d23a16cb1b..ecc6379b57 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atlas/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atlas/package.py
@@ -109,11 +109,11 @@ class Atlas(Package):
 
         # Lapack resource to provide full lapack build. Note that
         # ATLAS only provides a few LAPACK routines natively.
-        options.append("--with-netlib-lapack-tarfile=%s" % self.stage[1].archive_file)
+        options.append(f"--with-netlib-lapack-tarfile={self.stage[1].archive_file}")
 
         with working_dir("spack-build", create=True):
             configure = Executable("../configure")
-            configure("--prefix=%s" % prefix, *options)
+            configure(f"--prefix={prefix}", *options)
             make()
             make("check")
             make("ptcheck")
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class Atlas(Package):
         source_file = join_path(os.path.dirname(self.module.__file__), "test_cblas_dgemm.c")
         blessed_file = join_path(os.path.dirname(self.module.__file__), "test_cblas_dgemm.output")
 
-        include_flags = ["-I%s" % self.spec.prefix.include]
+        include_flags = [f"-I{self.spec.prefix.include}"]
         link_flags = self.spec["atlas"].libs.ld_flags.split()
 
         output = compile_c_and_execute(source_file, include_flags, link_flags)
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atom-dft/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atom-dft/package.py
index 9015067428..3f8c5e7756 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atom-dft/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atom-dft/package.py
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ class AtomDft(MakefilePackage):
     @property
     def build_targets(self):
         return [
-            "XMLF90_ROOT=%s" % self.spec["xmlf90"].prefix,
-            "GRIDXC_ROOT=%s" % self.spec["libgridxc"].prefix,
+            f"XMLF90_ROOT={self.spec['xmlf90'].prefix}",
+            f"GRIDXC_ROOT={self.spec['libgridxc'].prefix}",
             "FC=fc",
         ]
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atompaw/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atompaw/package.py
index 7cc4b4d417..f0ea750583 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atompaw/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/atompaw/package.py
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ class Atompaw(AutotoolsPackage):
         spec = self.spec
         linalg = spec["lapack"].libs + spec["blas"].libs
         return [
-            "--with-linalg-libs=%s" % linalg.ld_flags,
+            f"--with-linalg-libs={linalg.ld_flags}",
             "--enable-libxc",
-            "--with-libxc-incs=-I%s" % spec["libxc"].prefix.include,
-            "--with-libxc-libs=-L%s -lxcf90 -lxc" % spec["libxc"].prefix.lib,
+            f"--with-libxc-incs=-I{spec['libxc'].prefix.include}",
+            f"--with-libxc-libs=-L{spec['libxc'].prefix.lib} -lxcf90 -lxc",
         ]
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/audacious/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/audacious/package.py
index 4cce09e0fc..1d6634780b 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/audacious/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/audacious/package.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class Audacious(AutotoolsPackage):
 
     def patch(self):
         search_path_args = " ".join(self.autoreconf_search_path_args)
-        search_path_str = "-I m4 {0}".format(search_path_args)
+        search_path_str = f"-I m4 {search_path_args}"
         filter_file("-I m4", search_path_str, "autogen.sh")
 
     def autoreconf(self, spec, prefix):
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/augustus/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/augustus/package.py
index e0e002d6fc..2c5cfa5c0d 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/augustus/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/augustus/package.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class Augustus(MakefilePackage):
                 filter_file("g++", spack_cxx, "makefile", string=True)
                 filter_file(
                     "g++ -I/usr/include/boost",
-                    "{0} -I{1}".format(spack_cxx, self.spec["boost"].prefix.include),
+                    f"{spack_cxx} -I{self.spec['boost'].prefix.include}",
                     "src/subdir.mk",
                     string=True,
                 )
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class Augustus(MakefilePackage):
 
         with working_dir(join_path("auxprogs", "filterBam", "src")):
             makefile = FileFilter("Makefile")
-            makefile.filter("BAMTOOLS = .*", "BAMTOOLS = {0}".format(bamtools))
+            makefile.filter("BAMTOOLS = .*", f"BAMTOOLS = {bamtools}")
             makefile.filter("INCLUDES = *", "INCLUDES = -I$(BAMTOOLS)/include/bamtools ")
             if "bamtools@2.5:" in spec:
                 makefile.filter(
@@ -113,32 +113,30 @@ class Augustus(MakefilePackage):
                 )
         with working_dir(join_path("auxprogs", "bam2hints")):
             makefile = FileFilter("Makefile")
-            makefile.filter("/usr/include/bamtools", "{0}/include/bamtools".format(bamtools))
+            makefile.filter("/usr/include/bamtools", f"{bamtools}/include/bamtools")
             if "bamtools@2.5:" in spec:
                 makefile.filter(
-                    "LIBS = -lbamtools -lz",
-                    "LIBS = {0}/lib64" "/libbamtools.a -lz".format(bamtools),
+                    "LIBS = -lbamtools -lz", f"LIBS = {bamtools}/lib64/libbamtools.a -lz"
                 )
             if "bamtools@:2.4" in spec:
                 makefile.filter(
-                    "LIBS = -lbamtools -lz",
-                    "LIBS = {0}/lib/bamtools" "/libbamtools.a -lz".format(bamtools),
+                    "LIBS = -lbamtools -lz", f"LIBS = {bamtools}/lib/bamtools/libbamtools.a -lz"
                 )
 
         if self.version < Version("3.4.0"):
             with working_dir(join_path("auxprogs", "bam2wig")):
                 makefile = FileFilter("Makefile")
                 # point tools to spack installations
-                makefile.filter("BCFTOOLS=.*$", "BCFTOOLS={0}/include".format(bcftools))
-                makefile.filter("SAMTOOLS=.*$", "SAMTOOLS={0}/include".format(samtools))
-                makefile.filter("HTSLIB=.*$", "HTSLIB={0}/include".format(htslib))
+                makefile.filter("BCFTOOLS=.*$", f"BCFTOOLS={bcftools}/include")
+                makefile.filter("SAMTOOLS=.*$", f"SAMTOOLS={samtools}/include")
+                makefile.filter("HTSLIB=.*$", f"HTSLIB={htslib}/include")
 
                 # fix bad linking dirs
                 makefile.filter("$(SAMTOOLS)/libbam.a", "$(SAMTOOLS)/../lib/libbam.a", string=True)
                 makefile.filter("$(HTSLIB)/libhts.a", "$(HTSLIB)/../lib/libhts.a", string=True)
             with working_dir(join_path("auxprogs", "checkTargetSortedness")):
                 makefile = FileFilter("Makefile")
-                makefile.filter("SAMTOOLS.*=.*$", "SAMTOOLS={0}/include".format(samtools))
+                makefile.filter("SAMTOOLS.*=.*$", f"SAMTOOLS={samtools}/include")
                 makefile.filter("LIBS=-lbam", "LIBS=$(SAMTOOLS)/../lib/libbam.a", string=True)
         else:
             mysql = self.spec["mysql-client"].prefix
@@ -147,12 +145,12 @@ class Augustus(MakefilePackage):
 
             with working_dir("src"):
                 makefile = FileFilter("Makefile")
-                makefile.filter(r"/usr/include/mysql\+\+", "{0}/include/mysql++".format(mysqlpp))
+                makefile.filter(r"/usr/include/mysql\+\+", f"{mysqlpp}/include/mysql++")
                 if "^mariadb-c-client" in spec:
-                    makefile.filter("/usr/include/mysql", "{0}/include/mariadb".format(mysql))
+                    makefile.filter("/usr/include/mysql", f"{mysql}/include/mariadb")
                 else:
-                    makefile.filter("/usr/include/mysql", "{0}/include/mysql".format(mysql))
-                makefile.filter("/usr/include/lpsolve", "{0}/include/lpsolve".format(lpsolve))
+                    makefile.filter("/usr/include/mysql", f"{mysql}/include/mysql")
+                makefile.filter("/usr/include/lpsolve", f"{lpsolve}/include/lpsolve")
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
         install_tree("bin", join_path(self.spec.prefix, "bin"))
@@ -163,12 +161,12 @@ class Augustus(MakefilePackage):
     def filter_sbang(self):
         with working_dir(self.prefix.scripts):
             pattern = "^#!.*"
-            repl = "#!{0}".format(self.spec["perl"].command.path)
+            repl = f"#!{self.spec['perl'].command.path}"
             files = glob.glob("*.pl")
             for file in files:
                 filter_file(pattern, repl, *files, backup=False)
 
-            repl = "#!{0}".format(self.spec["python"].command.path)
+            repl = f"#!{self.spec['python'].command.path}"
             files = glob.glob("*.py")
             for file in files:
                 filter_file(pattern, repl, *files, backup=False)
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/authd/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/authd/package.py
index b2cee813c1..dbb290839b 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/authd/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/authd/package.py
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ class Authd(MakefilePackage):
         env.prepend_path("PATH", self.prefix.sbin)
 
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
-        make("prefix={0}".format(prefix), "install")
+        make(f"prefix={prefix}", "install")
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autodock-vina/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autodock-vina/package.py
index dadf50ea05..8ca01804d8 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autodock-vina/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autodock-vina/package.py
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ class AutodockVina(MakefilePackage):
         with working_dir(self.build_directory):
             makefile = FileFilter("Makefile")
             makefile.filter(
-                "BOOST_INCLUDE = .*", "BOOST_INCLUDE = %s" % self.spec["boost"].prefix.include
+                "BOOST_INCLUDE = .*", f"BOOST_INCLUDE = {self.spec['boost'].prefix.include}"
             )
             makefile.filter("C_PLATFORM=.*", "C_PLATFORM=-pthread")
-            makefile.filter("GPP=.*", "GPP=%s" % spack_cxx)
+            makefile.filter("GPP=.*", f"GPP={spack_cxx}")
 
     def build(self, spec, prefix):
         with working_dir(self.build_directory):
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autogen/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autogen/package.py
index 2ecc434106..54b088beb5 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autogen/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/autogen/package.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class Autogen(AutotoolsPackage, GNUMirrorPackage):
         ]
 
         if "+xml" in spec:
-            args.append("--with-libxml2={0}".format(spec["libxml2"].prefix))
+            args.append(f"--with-libxml2={spec['libxml2'].prefix}")
         else:
             args.append("--without-libxml2")
 
diff --git a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/avizo/package.py b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/avizo/package.py
index 42c201e780..43364919cd 100644
--- a/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/avizo/package.py
+++ b/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/avizo/package.py
@@ -24,25 +24,25 @@ class Avizo(Package):
     version(
         "2020.1",
         sha256="9321aaa276567eebf116e268353c33a4c930d768d22793f921338e1d8cefe991",
-        url="file://{0}/Avizo-20201-Linux64-gcc48.bin".format(os.getcwd()),
+        url=f"file://{os.getcwd()}/Avizo-20201-Linux64-gcc48.bin",
         expand=False,
     )
     version(
         "2019.4",
         sha256="a637720535bcbe254ab56368004a9544c64ec36186373fa24f26cee279685248",
-        url="file://{0}/Avizo-20194-Linux64-gcc48.bin".format(os.getcwd()),
+        url=f"file://{os.getcwd()}/Avizo-20194-Linux64-gcc48.bin",
         expand=False,
     )
     version(
         "2019.3",
         sha256="be109df81e2f7238f234862367841dae05e76cc62218c1f36b1d9bc9514ce5f7",
-        url="file://{0}/Avizo-20193-Linux64-gcc48.bin".format(os.getcwd()),
+        url=f"file://{os.getcwd()}/Avizo-20193-Linux64-gcc48.bin",
         expand=False,
     )
     version(
         "9.7.0",
         sha256="9c9b9e81957387f4218df0c5adbb80717e9ae80ab3ca6ff8da523f7f499dcc5b",
-        url="file://{0}/Avizo-970-Linux64-gcc44.bin".format(os.getcwd()),
+        url=f"file://{os.getcwd()}/Avizo-970-Linux64-gcc44.bin",
         expand=False,
     )
 
@@ -67,15 +67,11 @@ class Avizo(Package):
     def install(self, spec, prefix):
         ver = self.version.joined
         sh = which("sh")
-        sh(
-            "Avizo-{0}-Linux64-gcc{1}.bin".format(ver, self.gcc_ver[self.version.string]),
-            "--noexec",
-            "--keep",
-        )
+        sh(f"Avizo-{ver}-Linux64-gcc{self.gcc_ver[self.version.string]}.bin", "--noexec", "--keep")
 
         with working_dir("Avizo"):
             avizo_tar = tarfile.open(
-                name="Avizo-{0}-Linux64-gcc{1}.tar.bz2".format(
+                name="Avizo-{}-Linux64-gcc{}.tar.bz2".format(
                     self.version, self.gcc_ver[self.version.string]
                 )
             )