CargoPackage: add new build system for Cargo packages (#41192)

Co-authored-by: Tom Scogland <scogland1@llnl.gov>

3 files changed, 114 insertions, 14 deletions

diff --git a/lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cargo.py b/lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cargo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28da475956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cargo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+import inspect
+
+import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
+
+import spack.builder
+import spack.package_base
+from spack.directives import build_system, depends_on
+from spack.multimethod import when
+
+from ._checks import BaseBuilder, execute_install_time_tests
+
+
+class CargoPackage(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
+    """Specialized class for packages built using a Makefiles."""
+
+    #: This attribute is used in UI queries that need to know the build
+    #: system base class
+    build_system_class = "CargoPackage"
+
+    build_system("cargo")
+
+    with when("build_system=cargo"):
+        depends_on("rust", type="build")
+
+
+@spack.builder.builder("cargo")
+class CargoBuilder(BaseBuilder):
+    """The Cargo builder encodes the most common way of building software with
+    a rust Cargo.toml file. It has two phases that can be overridden, if need be:
+
+            1. :py:meth:`~.CargoBuilder.build`
+            2. :py:meth:`~.CargoBuilder.install`
+
+    For a finer tuning you may override:
+
+        +-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+        | **Method**                                    | **Purpose**          |
+        +===============================================+======================+
+        | :py:meth:`~.CargoBuilder.build_args`          | Specify arguments    |
+        |                                               | to ``cargo install`` |
+        +-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+        | :py:meth:`~.CargoBuilder.check_args`          | Specify arguments    |
+        |                                               | to ``cargo test``    |
+        +-----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+    """
+
+    phases = ("build", "install")
+
+    #: Callback names for install-time test
+    install_time_test_callbacks = ["check"]
+
+    @property
+    def build_directory(self):
+        """Return the directory containing the main Cargo.toml."""
+        return self.pkg.stage.source_path
+
+    @property
+    def build_args(self):
+        """Arguments for ``cargo build``."""
+        return []
+
+    @property
+    def check_args(self):
+        """Argument for ``cargo test`` during check phase"""
+        return []
+
+    def build(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
+        """Runs ``cargo install`` in the source directory"""
+        with fs.working_dir(self.build_directory):
+            inspect.getmodule(pkg).cargo(
+                "install", "--root", "out", "--path", ".", *self.build_args
+            )
+
+    def install(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
+        """Copy build files into package prefix."""
+        with fs.working_dir(self.build_directory):
+            fs.install_tree("out", prefix)
+
+    spack.builder.run_after("install")(execute_install_time_tests)
+
+    def check(self):
+        """Run "cargo test"."""
+        with fs.working_dir(self.build_directory):
+            inspect.getmodule(self.pkg).cargo("test", *self.check_args)
diff --git a/lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py b/lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py
index 946e9bc8b9..130242a8b1 100644
--- a/lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py
+++ b/lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py
@@ -172,6 +172,14 @@ class AutoreconfPackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
         return args"""
 
 
+class CargoPackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
+    """Provides appropriate overrides for cargo-based packages"""
+
+    base_class_name = "CargoPackage"
+
+    body_def = ""
+
+
 class CMakePackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
     """Provides appropriate overrides for CMake-based packages"""
 
@@ -575,28 +583,29 @@ class SIPPackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
 
 
 templates = {
-    "autotools": AutotoolsPackageTemplate,
     "autoreconf": AutoreconfPackageTemplate,
-    "cmake": CMakePackageTemplate,
+    "autotools": AutotoolsPackageTemplate,
+    "bazel": BazelPackageTemplate,
     "bundle": BundlePackageTemplate,
-    "qmake": QMakePackageTemplate,
+    "cargo": CargoPackageTemplate,
+    "cmake": CMakePackageTemplate,
+    "generic": PackageTemplate,
+    "intel": IntelPackageTemplate,
+    "lua": LuaPackageTemplate,
+    "makefile": MakefilePackageTemplate,
     "maven": MavenPackageTemplate,
-    "scons": SconsPackageTemplate,
-    "waf": WafPackageTemplate,
-    "bazel": BazelPackageTemplate,
+    "meson": MesonPackageTemplate,
+    "octave": OctavePackageTemplate,
+    "perlbuild": PerlbuildPackageTemplate,
+    "perlmake": PerlmakePackageTemplate,
     "python": PythonPackageTemplate,
+    "qmake": QMakePackageTemplate,
     "r": RPackageTemplate,
     "racket": RacketPackageTemplate,
-    "perlmake": PerlmakePackageTemplate,
-    "perlbuild": PerlbuildPackageTemplate,
-    "octave": OctavePackageTemplate,
     "ruby": RubyPackageTemplate,
-    "makefile": MakefilePackageTemplate,
-    "intel": IntelPackageTemplate,
-    "meson": MesonPackageTemplate,
-    "lua": LuaPackageTemplate,
+    "scons": SconsPackageTemplate,
     "sip": SIPPackageTemplate,
-    "generic": PackageTemplate,
+    "waf": WafPackageTemplate,
 }
 
 
@@ -679,6 +688,7 @@ class BuildSystemGuesser:
         clues = [
             (r"/CMakeLists\.txt$", "cmake"),
             (r"/NAMESPACE$", "r"),
+            (r"/Cargo\.toml$", "cargo"),
             (r"/configure$", "autotools"),
             (r"/configure\.(in|ac)$", "autoreconf"),
             (r"/Makefile\.am$", "autoreconf"),
diff --git a/lib/spack/spack/package.py b/lib/spack/spack/package.py
index f38ebec299..0fdfffc177 100644
--- a/lib/spack/spack/package.py
+++ b/lib/spack/spack/package.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from spack.build_systems.cached_cmake import (
     cmake_cache_path,
     cmake_cache_string,
 )
+from spack.build_systems.cargo import CargoPackage
 from spack.build_systems.cmake import CMakePackage, generator
 from spack.build_systems.cuda import CudaPackage
 from spack.build_systems.generic import Package