1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<chapter label="4" id="options">
<title>Selecting System Options</title>
<highlights><para>You use the Adélie Linux System Installation software to configure your new environment.
This chapter introduces you to System Installation, and provides detailed information about your available options on each screen.
For more information about how to use and navigate System Installation, see <xref linkend="navigating" />.</para></highlights>
<section id="navigating">
<title>Navigating System Installation</title>
<para>The System Installation interface is divided in a series of pages, similar to a paper form.
Each page has a title, a short description of the information needed to proceed, and input fields to collect the information.</para>
<para>When you are finishing filling in the information on a page, continue to the next page by clicking the Continue button at the bottom of the window or by pressing the <keycap>F8</keycap> key.
If you want to go back and review or change information on a previous page, you may go back at any time by clicking the Back button at the bottom of the window or by pressing the <keycap>F6</keycap> key.</para>
<para>If you need more information about an option provided, you may open the Help screen by clicking the Help button in the lower left corner of the window or pressing the <keycap>F1</keycap> key.
You can also gain more information by clicking on the question mark in the title bar of System Installation, and then clicking on a field.</para>
<para>If you decide not to complete the installation procedure, you may stop by clicking the Exit button or by pressing the <keycap>F3</keycap> key.</para>
</section>
<section id="ui_overview">
<title>Overview</title>
<para>The System Installation software asks you a series of questions about the desired configuration for your computer.
System Installation supports two modes of operation, or "environments".
The typical mode is the <firstterm>Installation Environment</firstterm>. When you boot Adélie Linux installation media, you run System Installation in the Installation Environment.
A less common mode is the <firstterm>Runtime Environment</firstterm>. When you run System Installation for one computer from another computer, you run System Installation in the Runtime Environment.</para>
<para>System Installation displays most of the same questions no matter which environment you are using.
Where environments differ, the Handbook will describe the prompts for each environment.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>The first page of System Installation introduces the system and describes how to use the system.
In the Installation Environment, it also allows you to open maintenance tools to aid you with installation.</para>
<para>To launch a tool in the Installation Environment, choose "Launch Tool", then choose the tool you wish to open. You may open a Terminal (command interpreter), a partition editor, or a Web browsing window.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_input">
<title>Keyboard Layout</title>
<para>The Keyboard Layout page allows you to select the keyboard layout you will use in your new Adélie Linux environment.</para>
<para>In the Installation Environment, System Installation will change the active keyboard layout when you choose from the list. You may then use the provided input line to ensure this layout is correct before proceeding.</para>
<para>In the Runtime Environment, System Installation will attempt to determine the keyboard layout of your current system.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_firmware">
<title>Load Firmware</title>
<para>The Firmware page allows you to decide whether or not to install proprietary firmware.</para>
<note>
<para>The Firmware page may not be shown depending on your chosen edition of Adélie Linux.</para>
</note>
<section id="what_is_fw">
<title>What is firmware?</title>
<para>"Firmware" is a component of a hardware driver. This component is sent to the hardware device itself, which allows the hardware to perform operations or control itself.</para>
<para>For example, network devices sometimes contain firmware that allows them to perform checksum offloading.</para>
</section>
<section id="what_is_bad_fw">
<title>What is <emphasis>proprietary</emphasis> firmware?</title>
<para>Proprietary firmware is firmware that is released by the hardware manufacturer without source code. Usually, this proprietary firmware is provided without warranty by the hardware manufacturer. Since it is closed source and fully proprietary, it cannot be audited for security or reliability issues.</para>
<para>This means that when you load proprietary firmware on to a computer, we can no longer provide any assurances to its security or reliability.</para>
</section>
<section id="use_of_bad_fw">
<title>Why would I want to load proprietary firmware?</title>
<para>Most wireless networking cards, and virtually all 3D graphics cards, utilise proprietary firmware. You may be unable to connect to a wireless network, or use certain radio frequencies (such as the 5 GHz band), without proprietary firmware. You may also be unable to use the maximum resolution of your graphics card, or utilise the 3D acceleration capabilities of it (including OpenGL and Vulkan), without proprietary firmware.</para>
</section>
<section id="bad_fw_risks">
<title>What are the risks of using proprietary firmware?</title>
<para>Your system may be compromised by security issues in the firmware. Your system may also become unstable due to improper programming in the firmware.</para>
</section>
<section id="choosing_fw">
<title>Which option should I choose?</title>
<para>Adélie Linux allows you the freedom to choose whether or not you wish to install proprietary firmware on your computer.</para>
<para>If you have an elevated threat profile, you should always choose No.</para>
<para>If you want to utilise hardware that requires proprietary firmware despite the potential risk, you may choose Yes.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="ui_partition">
<title>Disk Partitioning</title>
<para/>
</section>
<section id="ui_network">
<title>Networking</title>
<para/>
</section>
<section id="page_datetime">
<title>Date and Time Settings</title>
<para>The Date and Time Settings page allows you to set your desired time zone.
In the Installation Environment, you may also verify and change the computer's date and time.</para>
<section id="timezone">
<title>How do I know which time zone to select?</title>
<para>If you're installing Adélie Linux on a desktop, workstation, or laptop computer, choose the time zone where you are located, or where you will use the computer the most. If you have another device with you that has Internet access, you may find your local time zone by using the interactive map at <ulink url="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/map/">https://www.timeanddate.com/time/map/</ulink>.</para>
<para>If you're installing Adélie Linux on a server system, you should almost always use UTC. This ensures that Daylight Savings Time will not adversely affect running services.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="page_hostname">
<title>Computer Name</title>
<para>The Computer Name page allows you to set the name of your computer. The name of your computer will appear in various places, such as the system startup screen, log files, and the Applications menu.</para>
<para>For more information about naming your computer, refer to <xref linkend="prep_naming"/>.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_pkgsimple">
<title>Software Selection</title>
<para>The Software Selection page allows you to choose the software you want to install on your computer. You will have the option to add and remove software using the Package Manager once Adélie Linux is installed, so you can change your mind at any time.</para>
<section id="pkg_choose">
<title>Which option should I choose?</title>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Most users should choose Standard.</emphasis> This option will install software for everday computing: a Web browser, an email client, a media player, a word processor, and more. <emphasis>Mobile</emphasis> installs the same software as Standard, and adds additional tools and utilities that are useful for laptop and tablet computers. This includes touchpad software, tablet control software, and extra power management tools.</para>
<para>You may choose <emphasis>Compact</emphasis> to install a desktop environment, LXQt, that is more suitable for less powerful computers. Compact also includes the light Netsurf Web browser, and the Featherpad text editor.</para>
<para>Advanced users may want to choose <emphasis>Text-Only</emphasis> or <emphasis>Custom</emphasis>. Text-Only installs only text-mode or command line software. You should select this option if you are installing Adélie Linux on a server, or if you do not want to use a graphical user interface on your computer.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_pkgcustom">
<title>Custom Software Selection</title>
<para>The Custom Software Selection page allows you to choose exactly what software is installed on your computer. If you aren't sure what software you will need, go back to the previous page and choose <emphasis>Standard</emphasis>. You can always add or remove software later using the Package Manager.</para>
<para>"Highlighting", or clicking on the text of, a package from the list will display a brief description of the package. You may tick or untick software to choose to install or not install any package in the list.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_pkgchoices">
<title>Software Choices</title>
<para>After you finish with the Custom Software Selection page, a Software Choices page allows you to choose certain defaults and system services. The defaults used by standard installations of Adelie Linux are always on the left side. Most users do not need to change these options.</para>
<section id="choice_shell">
<title>System shell (<literal>/bin/sh</literal>)</title>
<para>This section allows you to choose which shell will be used for shell scripts that use <literal>/bin/sh</literal>.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Dash</emphasis>: The lightweight Dash shell is an Almquist-style shell. This is the default shell used by Adelie for /bin/sh, and is used for /bin/sh on Debian-derived distributions. This option provides faster boot times and full POSIX compatibility.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Bash: This shell is popular on GNU systems. This option provides compatibility with non-portable scripts. <note><para>By choosing this option, your system will no longer be able to conform to the POSIX standard.</para></note></para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="choice_init">
<title>Init system (<literal>/sbin/init</literal>)</title>
<para>This section allows you to choose which init system will be used to start up your computer.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">s6-linux-init</emphasis>: The lightweight, customisable s6-linux-init init system has been designed from the ground up to be lightweight and efficient. Using this system provides full LSB compatibility with init control and shutdown commands.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>SysV Init: The traditional Linux init system was at one time widely deployed, but has fallen out of favour recently due to issues with supervision and power usage.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="choice_udev">
<title>uevent management daemon</title>
<para>This section allows you to choose which daemon will be used to manage kernel uevents.
<caution><para>Modifying this option may cause improper system operation or failure to boot. Only modify this option if you know what you are doing.</para></caution>
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">eudev</emphasis>: The traditional eudev system provides a standard UDev-compatible interface. It is highly recommended that you use eudev unless you know it is inappropriate for your use case.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>mdevd: The minimalist, lightweight mdevd system is the skarnet fork of the mdev system from BusyBox. Choosing this option on a desktop system will require manual intervention.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
</section>
<section id="page_boot">
<title>Startup Configuration</title>
<para>The Startup Configuration page allows you to choose options for starting up your computer.</para>
<section id="what_bootloader">
<title>What is a bootloader?</title>
<para>A <firstterm>bootloader</firstterm> is the program that runs when you power on your computer. The bootloader is responsible for locating Adélie Linux and/or other operating environments on your computer, and then loading them in to memory.</para>
</section>
<section id="boot_choice">
<title>What option should I choose?</title>
<para>Typically, <emphasis role="bold">you should always choose to install a bootloader</emphasis> unless you have a configuration that will use a different method of booting.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Install a boot loader:</emphasis> This option will install a bootloader to your hard disk, replacing any other bootloader if present.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><emphasis>Do not install a boot loader:</emphasis> This option will not install a bootloader to your hard disk. You may be required to configure a bootloader yourself before your computer will start up properly. Choose this option if you already have another operating environment with a bootloader, or if your computer has a bootloader in firmware (such as OPAL or UEFI).</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section id="kernel_options">
<title>What are the kernel options?</title>
<note>
<para>Kernel options are only available on certain computers and certain editions of Adélie Linux.</para>
</note>
<para>The kernel options disclosure allows you to choose which Linux kernel you want to use on your computer. You should only change these options if you have hardware that requires it, or your administrator or hardware manufacturer has told you that you need a special kernel. Changing these options may result in system instability or the inability to boot your computer.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><emphasis role="bold">Use the stable kernel:</emphasis> This option will install the LTS version of the Linux kernel, which is well supported and thoroughly tested. However, it may not support the newest hardware options.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Use the mainline kernel: This option will install the latest version of the Linux kernel, which has not been as thoroughly tested as the stable kernel. Use this option if you have hardware that requires a newer kernel version than LTS.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Other options: System Installation may provide other options in addition or instead of the ones shown here. Consult Online Help for more information about any other kernel options provided.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
</section>
<section id="page_root">
<title>Root Passphrase</title>
<para>The Root Passphrase page allows you to set the passphrase for the root user. The <firstterm>root user</firstterm> is known in some other systems as the "Administrator" user. This passphrase is used when performing certain administrative tasks on the system, and for system recovery.</para>
<para>It is important that you set a unique passphrase for the root user, as anyone with the root user's passphrase can access any data on your computer. You should write it down and keep it in a safe place.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_accounts">
<title>User Accounts</title>
<para>The User Accounts page allows you to personalise your system by providing the names of the people who will use it. When the system starts up, you will be able to choose who is using the computer. Each user's documents and configuration are stored in separate places on the system.</para>
<para>If you are the only person who will use the computer, enter your own name and passphrase.</para>
<para>It is important that all user passphrases are different from the root user's passphrase.</para>
<para>By selecting or deselecting the "Admin" tickbox, you can control which users have permission to administer the computer. This includes installing software and starting virtual machines. You can modify these permissions, and add and remove user accounts, after installation. Refer to the "Security" chapter in the Adélie Linux Administrator's Handbook for more information.</para>
</section>
<section id="page_commit">
<title>Begin Installation (Installation Environment only)</title>
<para>You're almost there! The Begin Installation page allows you to review all of the options you have selected before installation begins. Ensure that the information is correct, and then choose Install to begin the installation process.</para>
<caution><para>If you have selected to erase a hard disk drive, choosing Install will immediately erase it. You cannot cancel the installation once you have chosen Install.</para></caution>
</section>
</chapter>
|
