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authorKiyoshi Aman <kiyoshi.aman+adelie@gmail.com>2019-05-24 22:53:53 -0500
committerKiyoshi Aman <kiyoshi.aman+adelie@gmail.com>2019-05-24 22:53:53 -0500
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bin: remove `kill` and `ps`; they are provided by procps
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-.\" $NetBSD: ps.1,v 1.109 2017/08/28 05:57:37 wiz Exp $
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
-.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
-.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
-.\" without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
-.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
-.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
-.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
-.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
-.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
-.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
-.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
-.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
-.\"
-.Dd August 28, 2017
-.Dt PS 1
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm ps
-.Nd process status
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.Nm
-.Op Fl AaCcdehjlmrSsTuvwx
-.Op Fl k Ar key
-.Op Fl M Ar core
-.Op Fl N Ar system
-.Op Fl O Ar fmt
-.Op Fl o Ar fmt
-.Op Fl p Ar pid
-.Op Fl t Ar tty
-.Op Fl U Ar user
-.Op Fl W Ar swap
-.Nm
-.Fl L
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm
-displays a header line followed by lines containing information about
-running processes.
-By default, the display includes only processes that have
-controlling terminals and are owned by your uid.
-The default sort order of controlling terminal and
-(among processes with the same controlling terminal) process ID
-may be changed using the
-.Fl k , Fl m ,
-or
-.Fl r
-options.
-.Pp
-The information displayed for each process
-is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
-.Fl L ,
-.Fl O ,
-and
-.Fl o
-options).
-The default output format includes, for each process, the process' ID,
-controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and system time),
-state, and associated command.
-.Pp
-The options are as follows:
-.Bl -tag -width XNXsystemXX
-.It Fl A
-Display information about all processes.
-This is equivalent to
-.Fl a Fl x .
-.It Fl a
-Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
-Note that this does not display information about processes
-without controlling terminals.
-.It Fl C
-Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
-.Dq raw
-CPU calculation that ignores
-.Dq resident
-time (this normally has no effect).
-.It Fl c
-Do not display full command with arguments, but only the
-executable name.
-This may be somewhat confusing; for example, all
-.Xr sh 1
-scripts will show as
-.Dq sh .
-.It Fl d
-Arrange processes into descendancy order and prefix each command with
-indentation text showing sibling and parent/child relationships.
-If either of the
-.Fl m
-and
-.Fl r
-options are also used, they control how sibling processes are sorted
-relative to each other.
-.It Fl e
-Display the environment as well.
-The environment for other
-users' processes can only be displayed by the super-user.
-.It Fl h
-Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
-header per page of information.
-.It Fl j
-Print information associated with the following keywords:
-.Ar user , pid , ppid , pgid , sess , jobc , state , tt , time ,
-and
-.Ar command .
-.It Fl k Ar key
-Sort the output using the space or comma separated list of keywords.
-Multiple sort keys may be specified, using any of the
-.Fl k , Fl m ,
-or
-.Fl r
-options.
-The default sort order is equivalent to
-.Fl k Ar tdev,pid .
-.It Fl L
-List the set of available keywords.
-.It Fl l
-Display information associated with the following keywords:
-.Ar uid , pid , ppid , cpu , pri , nice , vsz , rss , wchan , state ,
-.Ar tt , time ,
-and
-.Ar command .
-.It Fl M Ar core
-Extract values from the specified core file instead of the running system.
-.It Fl m
-Sort by memory usage.
-This is equivalent to
-.Fl k Ar vsz .
-.It Fl N Ar system
-Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
-.Dq Pa /netbsd .
-Ignored unless
-.Fl M
-is specified.
-.It Fl O Ar fmt
-Display information associated with the space or comma separated list
-of keywords specified.
-The
-.Fl O
-option does not suppress the default display;
-it inserts additional keywords just after the
-.Ar pid
-keyword in the default display, or after the
-.Ar pid
-keyword (if any) in a non-default display specified before the
-first use of the
-.Fl O
-flag.
-Keywords inserted by multiple
-.Fl O
-options will be adjacent.
-.Pp
-An equals sign
-.Pq Dq \&=
-followed by a customised header string may be appended to a keyword,
-as described in more detail under the
-.Fl o
-option.
-.It Fl o Ar fmt
-Display information associated with the space or comma separated list
-of keywords specified.
-Use of the
-.Fl o
-option suppresses the set of keywords that would be displayed by default,
-or appends to the set of keywords specified by other options.
-.Pp
-An equals sign
-.Pq Dq \&=
-followed by a customised header string may be appended to a keyword.
-This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
-the default header associated with the keyword.
-.Pp
-Everything after the first equals sign is part of the customised
-header text, and this may include embedded spaces
-.Pq Dq " " ,
-commas
-.Pq Dq \&, ,
-or equals signs
-.Pq Dq \&= .
-To specify multiple keywords with customised headers, use multiple
-.Fl o
-or
-.Fl O
-options.
-.Pp
-If all the keywords to be displayed have customised headers,
-and all the customised headers are entirely empty,
-then the header line is not printed at all.
-.It Fl p Ar pid
-Display information associated with the specified process ID.
-.It Fl r
-Sort by current CPU usage.
-This is equivalent to
-.Fl k Ar %cpu .
-.It Fl S
-Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
-children to their parent process.
-.It Fl s
-Display one line for each LWP, rather than one line for each process,
-and display information associated with the following keywords:
-.Ar uid , pid , ppid , cpu , lid , nlwp , pri , nice , vsz , rss ,
-.Ar wchan , lstate , tt , time ,
-and
-.Ar command .
-.It Fl T
-Display information about processes attached to the device associated
-with the standard input.
-.It Fl t Ar tty
-Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
-device.
-Use a question mark
-.Pq Dq \&?
-for processes not attached to a
-terminal device and a minus sign
-.Pq Dq -
-for processes that have
-been revoked from their terminal device.
-.It Fl U Ar user
-Display processes belonging to the specified user,
-given either as a user name or a uid.
-.It Fl u
-Display information associated with the following keywords:
-.Ar user , pid , %cpu , %mem , vsz , rss , tt , state , start , time ,
-and
-.Ar command .
-The
-.Fl u
-option implies the
-.Fl r
-option.
-.It Fl v
-Display information associated with the following keywords:
-.Ar pid , state , time , sl , re , pagein , vsz , rss , lim , tsiz ,
-.Ar %cpu , %mem ,
-and
-.Ar command .
-The
-.Fl v
-option implies the
-.Fl m
-option.
-.It Fl W Ar swap
-Extract swap information from the specified file instead of the default,
-.Dq Pa /dev/drum .
-Ignored unless
-.Fl M
-is specified.
-.It Fl w
-Use 132 columns to display information instead of the default, which
-is your window size.
-If the
-.Fl w
-option is specified more than once,
-.Nm
-will use as many columns as necessary without regard to your window size.
-.It Fl x
-Also display information about processes without controlling terminals.
-.El
-.Pp
-A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
-Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
-.Bl -tag -width indent
-.It Ar %cpu
-The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
-a minute of previous (real) time.
-Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
-be very young) it is possible for the sum of all %CPU fields to exceed 100%.
-.It Ar %mem
-The percentage of real memory used by this process.
-.It Ar flags
-The flags (in hexadecimal) associated with the process as in
-the include file
-.In sys/proc.h :
-.Bl -column P_NOCLDSTOP P_NOCLDSTOP compact
-.It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00000001 process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
-.It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00000002 process has a controlling terminal"
-.It Dv "P_NOCLDSTOP" Ta No "0x00000008 no" Dv SIGCHLD No when children stop
-.It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00000010 parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
-.It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00000020 process has started profiling"
-.It Dv "P_SELECT" Ta No "0x00000040 selecting; wakeup/waiting danger"
-.It Dv "P_SINTR" Ta No "0x00000080 sleep is interruptible"
-.It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00000100 process had set id privileges since last exec"
-.It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00000200 system process: no sigs or stats"
-.It Dv "P_TIMEOUT" Ta No "0x00000400 timing out during sleep"
-.It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00000800 process is being traced"
-.It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x00001000 debugging process has waited for child"
-.It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x00002000 working on exiting"
-.It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x00004000 process called" Xr execve 2
-.It Dv "P_OWEUPC" Ta No "0x00008000 owe process an addupc() call at next ast"
-.\" the routine addupc is not documented in the man pages
-.It Dv "P_NOCLDWAIT" Ta No "0x00020000 no zombies when children die"
-.It Dv "P_32" Ta No "0x00040000 32-bit process (used on 64-bit kernels)"
-.It Dv "P_BIGLOCK" Ta No "0x00080000 process needs kernel ``big lock'' to run"
-.It Dv "P_INEXEC" Ta No "0x00100000 process is exec'ing and cannot be traced"
-.El
-.It Ar lim
-The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
-.Xr setrlimit 2 .
-.It Ar lstart
-The exact time the command started, using the
-.Dq \&%c
-format described in
-.Xr strftime 3 .
-.It Ar nice
-The process scheduling increment (see
-.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
-.It Ar rss
-the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
-.It Ar start
-The time the command started.
-If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
-displayed using the
-.Dq %l:%M%p
-format described in
-.Xr strftime 3 .
-If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
-displayed using the
-.Dq %a%p
-format.
-Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the
-.Dq %e%b%y
-format.
-.It Ar state
-The state is given by a sequence of letters, for example,
-.Dq RNs .
-The first letter indicates the run state of the process:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It D
-Marks a process in device or other short term, uninterruptible wait.
-.It I
-Marks a process that is idle (sleeping interruptibly for longer than about
-.Dv MAXSLP
-(default 20) seconds).
-.It O
-Marks a process running on a processor.
-.It R
-Marks a runnable process, or one that is in the process of creation.
-.It S
-Marks a process that is sleeping interruptibly for less than about
-.Dv MAXSLP
-(default 20) seconds.
-.It T
-Marks a stopped process.
-.It U
-Marks a suspended process.
-.It Z
-Marks a dead process that has exited, but not been waited for (a
-.Dq zombie ) .
-.El
-.Pp
-Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
-information:
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
-.It +
-The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
-.It -
-The LWP is detached (can't be waited for).
-.It <
-The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
-.It a
-The process is using scheduler activations (deprecated).
-.It E
-The process is in the process of exiting.
-.It K
-The process is a kernel thread or system process.
-.It l
-The process has multiple LWPs.
-.It N
-The process is niced (has reduced CPU scheduling priority) (see
-.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
-.It s
-The process is a session leader.
-.It V
-The process is suspended during a
-.Xr vfork 2 .
-.It X
-The process is being traced or debugged.
-.El
-.It Ar tt
-An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
-The abbreviation consists of the two letters following
-.Dq Pa /dev/tty
-or, for the console,
-.Dq co .
-This is followed by a
-.Dq \&-
-if the process can no longer reach that
-controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
-.It Ar wchan
-The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
-When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
-trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
-as 324000.
-.El
-.Pp
-When printing using the
-.Ar command
-keyword, a process that has exited and has a parent that has not yet
-waited for the process (in other words, a zombie) is listed as
-.Dq Aq defunct ,
-and a process which is blocked while trying to exit is listed as
-.Dq Aq exiting .
-.Pp
-.Nm
-will try to locate the processes' argument vector from the user
-area in order to print the command name and arguments.
-This method is not reliable because a process is allowed to destroy this
-information.
-The
-.Ar ucomm
-(accounting) keyword will always contain the real command name as
-contained in the process structure's
-.Va p_comm
-field.
-.Pp
-If the command vector cannot be located (usually because it has not
-been set, as is the case of system processes and/or kernel threads)
-the command name is printed within square brackets.
-.Pp
-To indicate that the argument vector has been tampered with,
-.Nm
-will append the real command name to the output within parentheses
-if the basename of the first argument in the argument vector
-does not match the contents of the real command name.
-.Pp
-In addition,
-.Nm
-checks for the following two situations and does not append the
-real command name parenthesized:
-.Bl -tag -width indent
-.It -shellname
-The login process traditionally adds a
-.Sq -
-in front of the shell name to indicate a login shell.
-.Nm
-will not append parenthesized the command name if it matches with
-the name in the first argument of the argument vector, skipping
-the leading
-.Sq - .
-.It daemonname: current-activity
-Daemon processes frequently report their current activity by setting
-their name to be like
-.Dq daemonname: current-activity .
-.Nm
-will not append parenthesized the command name, if the string preceding the
-.Sq \&:
-in the first argument of the argument vector matches the command name.
-.El
-.Sh KEYWORDS
-The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
-meanings.
-Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
-.Pp
-.Bl -tag -width groupnames -compact
-.It Ar %cpu
-percentage CPU usage (alias
-.Ar pcpu )
-.It Ar %mem
-percentage memory usage (alias
-.Ar pmem )
-.It Ar acflag
-accounting flag (alias
-.Ar acflg )
-.It Ar comm
-command (the argv[0] value)
-.It Ar command
-command and arguments (alias
-.Ar args )
-.It Ar cpu
-short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
-.It Ar cpuid
-CPU number the current process or lwp is running on.
-.It Ar ctime
-accumulated CPU time of all children that have exited
-.It Ar egid
-effective group id
-.It Ar egroup
-group name (from egid)
-.It Ar emul
-emulation name
-.It Ar etime
-elapsed time since the process was started, in the form
-.Li [[dd-]hh:]mm:ss
-.It Ar euid
-effective user id
-.It Ar euser
-user name (from euid)
-.It Ar flags
-the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias
-.Ar f )
-.It Ar gid
-effective group id
-.It Ar group
-group name (from gid)
-.It Ar groupnames
-group names (from group access list)
-.It Ar groups
-group access list
-.It Ar inblk
-total blocks read (alias
-.Ar inblock )
-.It Ar jobc
-job control count
-.It Ar ktrace
-tracing flags
-.It Ar ktracep
-tracing vnode
-.It Ar laddr
-kernel virtual address of the
-.Ft "struct lwp"
-belonging to the LWP.
-.It Ar lid
-ID of the LWP
-.It Ar lim
-memory use limit
-.It Ar lname
-descriptive name of the LWP
-.It Ar logname
-login name of user who started the process (alias
-.Ar login )
-.It Ar lstart
-time started
-.It Ar lstate
-symbolic LWP state
-.It Ar ltime
-CPU time of the LWP
-.It Ar majflt
-total page faults
-.It Ar minflt
-total page reclaims
-.It Ar msgrcv
-total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
-.It Ar msgsnd
-total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
-.It Ar nice
-nice value (alias
-.Ar ni )
-.It Ar nivcsw
-total involuntary context switches
-.It Ar nlwp
-number of LWPs in the process
-.It Ar nsigs
-total signals taken (alias
-.Ar nsignals )
-.It Ar nvcsw
-total voluntary context switches
-.It Ar nwchan
-wait channel (as an address)
-.It Ar oublk
-total blocks written (alias
-.Ar oublock )
-.It Ar p_ru
-resource usage pointer (valid only for zombie)
-.It Ar paddr
-kernel virtual address of the
-.Ft "struct proc"
-belonging to the process.
-.It Ar pagein
-pageins (same as majflt)
-.It Ar pgid
-process group number
-.It Ar pid
-process ID
-.It Ar ppid
-parent process ID
-.It Ar pri
-scheduling priority
-.It Ar re
-core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
-.It Ar rgid
-real group ID
-.It Ar rlink
-reverse link on run queue, or 0
-.It Ar rlwp
-number of LWPs on a processor or run queue
-.It Ar rss
-resident set size
-.It Ar rsz
-resident set size + (text size / text use count) (alias
-.Ar rssize )
-.It Ar ruid
-real user ID
-.It Ar ruser
-user name (from ruid)
-.It Ar sess
-session pointer
-.It Ar sid
-session ID
-.It Ar sig
-pending signals (alias
-.Ar pending )
-.It Ar sigcatch
-caught signals (alias
-.Ar caught )
-.It Ar sigignore
-ignored signals (alias
-.Ar ignored )
-.It Ar sigmask
-blocked signals (alias
-.Ar blocked )
-.It Ar sl
-sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
-.It Ar start
-time started
-.It Ar state
-symbolic process state (alias
-.Ar stat )
-.It Ar stime
-accumulated system CPU time
-.It Ar svgid
-saved gid from a setgid executable
-.It Ar svgroup
-group name (from svgid)
-.It Ar svuid
-saved uid from a setuid executable
-.It Ar svuser
-user name (from svuid)
-.It Ar tdev
-control terminal device number
-.It Ar time
-accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias
-.Ar cputime )
-.It Ar tpgid
-control terminal process group ID
-.It Ar tsess
-control terminal session pointer
-.It Ar tsiz
-text size (in Kbytes)
-.It Ar tt
-control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
-.It Ar tty
-full name of control terminal
-.It Ar uaddr
-kernel virtual address of the
-.Ft "struct user"
-belonging to the LWP.
-.It Ar ucomm
-name to be used for accounting
-.It Ar uid
-effective user ID
-.It Ar upr
-scheduling priority on return from system call (alias
-.Ar usrpri )
-.It Ar user
-user name (from uid)
-.It Ar utime
-accumulated user CPU time
-.It Ar vsz
-virtual size in Kbytes (alias
-.Ar vsize )
-.It Ar wchan
-wait channel (as a symbolic name)
-.It Ar xstat
-exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
-.El
-.Sh FILES
-.Bl -tag -width /var/run/kvm.db -compact
-.It Pa /dev
-special files and device names
-.It Pa /dev/drum
-default swap device
-.It Pa /var/run/dev.cdb
-/dev name database
-.It Pa /var/db/kvm.db
-system name list database
-.It Pa /netbsd
-default system name list
-.El
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr kill 1 ,
-.Xr pgrep 1 ,
-.Xr pkill 1 ,
-.Xr sh 1 ,
-.Xr w 1 ,
-.Xr kvm 3 ,
-.Xr strftime 3 ,
-.Xr dev_mkdb 8 ,
-.Xr pstat 8
-.Sh HISTORY
-A
-.Nm
-utility appeared in
-.At v3
-in section 8 of the manual.
-.Sh BUGS
-Since
-.Nm
-cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
-process, the information it displays can never be exact.