initial population

2 files changed, 1147 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/usr.bin/printf/printf.1 b/usr.bin/printf/printf.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..588614d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/printf/printf.1
@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+.\"	$NetBSD: printf.1,v 1.31 2018/08/31 17:27:35 kre Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"	from: @(#)printf.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
+.\"
+.Dd August 31, 2018
+.Dt PRINTF 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm printf
+.Nd formatted output
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Ar format
+.Op Ar arguments  ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm
+formats and prints its arguments, after the first, under control
+of the
+.Ar format  .
+The
+.Ar format
+is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain characters,
+which are simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences which
+are converted and copied to the standard output, and format specifications,
+each of which causes printing of the next successive
+.Ar argument  .
+.Pp
+The
+.Ar arguments
+after the first are treated as strings if the corresponding format is
+either
+.Cm b ,
+.Cm B ,
+.Cm c ,
+or
+.Cm s ;
+otherwise it is evaluated as a C constant, with the following extensions:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact
+.It
+A leading plus or minus sign is allowed.
+.It
+If the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII
+code of the next character.
+.El
+.Pp
+The format string is reused as often as necessary to satisfy the
+.Ar arguments  .
+Any extra format specifications are evaluated with zero or the null
+string.
+.Pp
+Character escape sequences are in backslash notation as defined in
+.St -ansiC .
+The characters and their meanings are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
+.It Cm \ee
+Write an
+.Aq escape
+character.
+.It Cm \ea
+Write a
+.Aq bell
+character.
+.It Cm \eb
+Write a
+.Aq backspace
+character.
+.It Cm \ef
+Write a
+.Aq form-feed
+character.
+.It Cm \en
+Write a
+.Aq new-line
+character.
+.It Cm \er
+Write a
+.Aq carriage return
+character.
+.It Cm \et
+Write a
+.Aq tab
+character.
+.It Cm \ev
+Write a
+.Aq vertical tab
+character.
+.It Cm \e\'
+Write a
+.Aq single quote
+character.
+.It Cm \e"
+Write a
+.Aq double quote
+character.
+.It Cm \e\e
+Write a backslash character.
+.It Cm \e Ns Ar num
+Write an 8\-bit character whose ASCII
+value is the 1\-, 2\-, or 3\-digit octal number
+.Ar num .
+.It Cm \ex Ns Ar xx
+Write an 8\-bit character whose ASCII
+value is the 1\- or 2\-digit hexadecimal number
+.Ar xx .
+.El
+.Pp
+Each format specification is introduced by the percent character
+.Pq Dq \&% .
+The remainder of the format specification includes,
+in the following order:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Zero or more of the following flags :
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Cm #
+A
+.Sq #
+character specifying that the value should be printed in an
+.Dq alternative form .
+For
+.Cm b ,
+.Cm c ,
+.Cm d ,
+and
+.Cm s
+formats, this option has no effect.
+For the
+.Cm o
+format the precision of the number is increased to force the first
+character of the output string to a zero.
+For the
+.Cm x
+.Pq Cm X
+format, a non-zero result has the string
+.Li 0x
+.Pq Li 0X
+prepended to it.
+For
+.Cm e ,
+.Cm E ,
+.Cm f ,
+.Cm F ,
+.Cm g ,
+and
+.Cm G
+formats, the result will always contain a decimal point, even if no
+digits follow the point (normally, a decimal point only appears in the
+results of those formats if a digit follows the decimal point).
+For
+.Cm g
+and
+.Cm G
+formats, trailing zeros are not removed from the result as they
+would otherwise be.
+.\" I turned this off - decided it isn't a valid use of '#'
+.\" For the
+.\" .Cm B
+.\" format, backslash-escape sequences are expanded first;
+.It Cm \&\-
+A minus sign
+.Sq \-
+which specifies
+.Em left adjustment
+of the output in the indicated field;
+.It Cm \&+
+A
+.Sq \&+
+character specifying that there should always be
+a sign placed before the number when using signed formats.
+.It Sq \&\ \&
+A space specifying that a blank should be left before a positive number
+for a signed format.
+A
+.Sq \&+
+overrides a space if both are used;
+.It Cm \&0
+A zero `0' character indicating that zero-padding should be used
+rather than blank-padding.
+A
+.Sq \-
+overrides a
+.Sq \&0
+if both are used;
+.El
+.It Field Width :
+An optional digit string specifying a
+.Em field width ;
+if the output string has fewer characters than the field width it will
+be blank-padded on the left (or right, if the left-adjustment indicator
+has been given) to make up the field width (note that a leading zero
+is a flag, but an embedded zero is part of a field width);
+.It Precision :
+An optional period,
+.Sq Cm \&. ,
+followed by an optional digit string giving a
+.Em precision
+which specifies the number of digits to appear after the decimal point,
+for
+.Cm e
+and
+.Cm f
+formats, or the maximum number of characters to be printed
+from a string
+.Sm off
+.Pf ( Cm b ,
+.Sm on
+.Cm B ,
+and
+.Cm s
+formats); if the digit string is missing, the precision is treated
+as zero;
+.It Format :
+A character which indicates the type of format to use (one of
+.Cm diouxXfFeEgGaAbBcs ) .
+.El
+.Pp
+A field width or precision may be
+.Sq Cm \&*
+instead of a digit string.
+In this case an
+.Ar argument
+supplies the field width or precision.
+.Pp
+The format characters and their meanings are:
+.Bl -tag -width Fl
+.It Cm diouXx
+The
+.Ar argument ,
+which must represent an integer constant,
+with an optional leading plus or minus sign,
+is printed as a signed decimal (d or i),
+unsigned octal (o), unsigned decimal (u),
+or unsigned hexadecimal (X or x).
+.It Cm fF
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed in the style
+.Sm off
+.Pf [\-]ddd Cm \&. No ddd
+.Sm on
+where the number of d's
+after the decimal point is equal to the precision specification for
+the argument.
+If the precision is missing, 6 digits are given; if the precision
+is explicitly 0, no digits and no decimal point are printed.
+If the number is Infinity, or Not a Number (NaN), then
+.Dq inf
+.Pq \&or Dq nan
+is printed for
+.Cm f
+format, and
+.Dq INF
+.Pq \&or Dq NAN
+for
+.Cm F
+format.
+.It Cm eE
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed in the style
+.Sm off
+.Pf [\-]d Cm \&. No ddd Cm e No \*(Pmdd
+.Sm on
+where there
+is one digit before the decimal point and the number after is equal to
+the precision specification for the argument; when the precision is
+missing, 6 digits are produced.
+An upper-case E is used for an
+.Sq E
+format, and upper-case for Infinity and NaN as for
+.Sq F
+format.
+.It Cm gG
+The
+.Ar argument
+is printed in style
+.Cm f
+.Pq Cm F
+or in style
+.Cm e
+.Pq Cm E
+whichever gives full precision in minimum space.
+.It Cm aA
+The
+.Ar argument
+is treated as a floating point number,
+for which the underlying hexadecimal representation is
+printed.
+See
+.Xr printf 3
+for the details.
+.It Cm b
+Characters from the string
+.Ar argument
+are printed with backslash-escape sequences expanded.
+.Pp
+The following additional backslash-escape sequences are supported:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Cm \ec
+Causes
+.Nm
+to ignore any remaining characters in the string operand containing it,
+any remaining string operands, and any additional characters in
+the format operand.
+.It Cm \e0 Ns Ar num
+Write an 8\-bit character whose ASCII value is the 1\-, 2\-, or
+3\-digit octal number
+.Ar num .
+.It Cm \e^ Ns Ar c
+Write the control character
+.Ar c .
+Generates characters `\e000' through `\e037`, and `\e177' (from `\e^?').
+.It Cm \eM\- Ns Ar c
+Write the character
+.Ar c
+with the 8th bit set.
+Generates characters `\e241' through `\e376`.
+.It Cm \eM^ Ns Ar c
+Write the control character
+.Ar c
+with the 8th bit set.
+Generates characters `\e200' through `\e237`, and `\e377' (from `\eM^?').
+.El
+.It Cm B
+Characters from the string
+.Ar argument
+are printed with unprintable characters backslash-escaped using the
+.Sm off
+.Pf ` Cm \e Ar c No ',
+.Pf ` Cm \e^ Ar c No ',
+.Pf ` Cm \eM\- Ar c No '
+or
+.Pf ` Cm \eM^ Ar c No ',
+.Sm on
+formats described above.
+.It Cm c
+The first character of
+.Ar argument
+is printed.
+.It Cm s
+Characters from the string
+.Ar argument
+are printed until the end is reached or until the number of characters
+indicated by the precision specification is reached; if the
+precision is omitted, all characters in the string are printed.
+.It Cm \&%
+Print a `%'; no argument is used.
+.El
+.Pp
+In no case does a non-existent or small field width cause truncation of
+a field; padding takes place only if the specified field width exceeds
+the actual width.
+.Pp
+If the first character of
+.Ar format
+is a dash,
+.Ar format
+must be preceded by a word consisting of two dashes (--) to prevent it
+from being interpreted as an option string.
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+.Ex -std
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr echo 1 ,
+.Xr printf 3 ,
+.Xr vis 3 ,
+.Xr printf 9
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Nm
+utility conforms to
+.St -p1003.1-2001 .
+.Pp
+Support for the floating point formats and `*' as a field width and precision
+are optional in POSIX.
+.Pp
+The behaviour of the %B format and the \e', \e", \exxx, \ee and
+\e[M][\-|^]c escape sequences are undefined in POSIX.
+.Sh BUGS
+Since the floating point numbers are translated from ASCII to
+floating-point and then back again, floating-point precision may be lost.
+.Pp
+Hexadecimal character constants are restricted to, and should be specified
+as, two character constants.
+This is contrary to the ISO C standard but
+does guarantee detection of the end of the constant.
+.Sh NOTES
+All formats which treat the
+.Ar argument
+as a number first convert the
+.Ar argument
+from its external representation as a character string
+to an internal numeric representation, and then apply the
+format to the internal numeric representation, producing
+another external character string representation.
+One might expect the
+.Cm \&%c
+format to do likewise, but in fact it does not.
+.Pp
+To convert a string representation of a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal
+number into the corresponding character, two nested
+.Nm
+invocations may be used, in which the inner invocation
+converts the input to an octal string, and the outer
+invocation uses the octal string as part of a format.
+For example, the following command outputs the character whose code
+is 0x0A, which is a newline in ASCII:
+.Pp
+.Dl printf \&"$(printf \&"\e\e%o" \&"0x0A")"
diff --git a/usr.bin/printf/printf.c b/usr.bin/printf/printf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d88e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.bin/printf/printf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+/*	$NetBSD: printf.c,v 1.48 2019/01/27 12:03:09 kre Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
+ *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#ifndef lint
+#if !defined(BUILTIN) && !defined(SHELL)
+__COPYRIGHT("@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\
+ The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.");
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef lint
+#if 0
+static char sccsid[] = "@(#)printf.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 3/22/95";
+#else
+__RCSID("$NetBSD: printf.c,v 1.48 2019/01/27 12:03:09 kre Exp $");
+#endif
+#endif /* not lint */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <err.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define ESCAPE '\e'
+#else
+#define ESCAPE 033
+#endif
+
+static void	 conv_escape_str(char *, void (*)(int), int);
+static char	*conv_escape(char *, char *, int);
+static char	*conv_expand(const char *);
+static char	 getchr(void);
+static double	 getdouble(void);
+static int	 getwidth(void);
+static intmax_t	 getintmax(void);
+static char	*getstr(void);
+static char	*mklong(const char *, char);
+static void      check_conversion(const char *, const char *);
+static void	 usage(void);
+
+static void	b_count(int);
+static void	b_output(int);
+static size_t	b_length;
+static char	*b_fmt;
+
+static int	rval;
+static char  **gargv;
+
+#ifdef BUILTIN		/* csh builtin */
+#define main progprintf
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SHELL		/* sh (aka ash) builtin */
+#define main printfcmd
+#include "../../bin/sh/bltin/bltin.h"
+#endif /* SHELL */
+
+#define PF(f, func) { \
+	if (fieldwidth != -1) { \
+		if (precision != -1) \
+			error = printf(f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
+		else \
+			error = printf(f, fieldwidth, func); \
+	} else if (precision != -1) \
+		error = printf(f, precision, func); \
+	else \
+		error = printf(f, func); \
+}
+
+#define APF(cpp, f, func) { \
+	if (fieldwidth != -1) { \
+		if (precision != -1) \
+			error = asprintf(cpp, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
+		else \
+			error = asprintf(cpp, f, fieldwidth, func); \
+	} else if (precision != -1) \
+		error = asprintf(cpp, f, precision, func); \
+	else \
+		error = asprintf(cpp, f, func); \
+}
+
+#ifdef main
+int main(int, char *[]);
+#endif
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	char *fmt, *start;
+	int fieldwidth, precision;
+	char nextch;
+	char *format;
+	char ch;
+	int error, o;
+
+#if !defined(SHELL) && !defined(BUILTIN)
+	(void)setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
+#endif
+
+	rval = 0;	/* clear for builtin versions (avoid holdover) */
+
+	while ((o = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != -1) {
+		switch (o) {
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			usage();
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	argc -= optind;
+	argv += optind;
+
+	if (argc < 1) {
+		usage();
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	format = *argv;
+	gargv = ++argv;
+
+#define SKIP1	"#-+ 0'"
+#define SKIP2	"0123456789"
+	do {
+		/*
+		 * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
+		 * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
+		 * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.
+		 * Note, format strings are reused as necessary to use up the
+		 * provided arguments, arguments of zero/null string are
+		 * provided to use up the format string.
+		 */
+
+		/* find next format specification */
+		for (fmt = format; (ch = *fmt++) != '\0';) {
+			if (ch == '\\') {
+				char c_ch;
+				fmt = conv_escape(fmt, &c_ch, 0);
+				putchar(c_ch);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (ch != '%' || (*fmt == '%' && ++fmt)) {
+				(void)putchar(ch);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Ok - we've found a format specification,
+			 * Save its address for a later printf().
+			 */
+			start = fmt - 1;
+
+			/* skip to field width */
+			fmt += strspn(fmt, SKIP1);
+			if (*fmt == '*') {
+				fmt++;
+				fieldwidth = getwidth();
+			} else {
+				fieldwidth = -1;
+
+				/* skip to possible '.' for precision */
+				fmt += strspn(fmt, SKIP2);
+			}
+
+			if (*fmt == '.') {
+				 /* get following precision */
+				fmt++;
+				if (*fmt == '*') {
+					fmt++;
+					precision = getwidth();
+				} else {
+					precision = -1;
+					fmt += strspn(fmt, SKIP2);
+				}
+			} else
+				precision = -1;
+
+			ch = *fmt;
+			if (!ch) {
+				warnx("%s: missing format character", start);
+				return 1;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * null terminate format string to we can use it
+			 * as an argument to printf.
+			 */
+			nextch = fmt[1];
+			fmt[1] = 0;
+
+			switch (ch) {
+
+			case 'B': {
+				const char *p = conv_expand(getstr());
+
+				if (p == NULL)
+					goto out;
+				*fmt = 's';
+				PF(start, p);
+				if (error < 0)
+					goto out;
+				break;
+			}
+			case 'b': {
+				/*
+				 * There has to be a better way to do this,
+				 * but the string we generate might have
+				 * embedded nulls
+				 */
+				static char *a, *t;
+				char *cp = getstr();
+
+				/* Free on entry in case shell longjumped out */
+				if (a != NULL)
+					free(a);
+				a = NULL;
+				if (t != NULL)
+					free(t);
+				t = NULL;
+
+				/* Count number of bytes we want to output */
+				b_length = 0;
+				conv_escape_str(cp, b_count, 0);
+				t = malloc(b_length + 1);
+				if (t == NULL)
+					goto out;
+				(void)memset(t, 'x', b_length);
+				t[b_length] = 0;
+
+				/* Get printf to calculate the lengths */
+				*fmt = 's';
+				APF(&a, start, t);
+				if (error == -1)
+					goto out;
+				b_fmt = a;
+
+				/* Output leading spaces and data bytes */
+				conv_escape_str(cp, b_output, 1);
+
+				/* Add any trailing spaces */
+				printf("%s", b_fmt);
+				break;
+			}
+			case 'c': {
+				char p = getchr();
+
+				PF(start, p);
+				if (error < 0)
+					goto out;
+				break;
+			}
+			case 's': {
+				char *p = getstr();
+
+				PF(start, p);
+				if (error < 0)
+					goto out;
+				break;
+			}
+			case 'd':
+			case 'i': {
+				intmax_t p = getintmax();
+				char *f = mklong(start, ch);
+
+				PF(f, p);
+				if (error < 0)
+					goto out;
+				break;
+			}
+			case 'o':
+			case 'u':
+			case 'x':
+			case 'X': {
+				uintmax_t p = (uintmax_t)getintmax();
+				char *f = mklong(start, ch);
+
+				PF(f, p);
+				if (error < 0)
+					goto out;
+				break;
+			}
+			case 'a':
+			case 'A':
+			case 'e':
+			case 'E':
+			case 'f':
+			case 'F':
+			case 'g':
+			case 'G': {
+				double p = getdouble();
+
+				PF(start, p);
+				if (error < 0)
+					goto out;
+				break;
+			}
+			case '%':
+				/* Don't ask, but this is useful ... */
+				if (fieldwidth == 'N' && precision == 'B')
+					return 0;
+				/* FALLTHROUGH */
+			default:
+				warnx("%s: invalid directive", start);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			*fmt++ = ch;
+			*fmt = nextch;
+			/* escape if a \c was encountered */
+			if (rval & 0x100)
+				return rval & ~0x100;
+		}
+	} while (gargv != argv && *gargv);
+
+	return rval & ~0x100;
+  out:
+	warn("print failed");
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* helper functions for conv_escape_str */
+
+static void
+/*ARGSUSED*/
+b_count(int ch)
+{
+	b_length++;
+}
+
+/* Output one converted character for every 'x' in the 'format' */
+
+static void
+b_output(int ch)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		switch (*b_fmt++) {
+		case 0:
+			b_fmt--;
+			return;
+		case ' ':
+			putchar(' ');
+			break;
+		default:
+			putchar(ch);
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Print SysV echo(1) style escape string
+ *	Halts processing string if a \c escape is encountered.
+ */
+static void
+conv_escape_str(char *str, void (*do_putchar)(int), int quiet)
+{
+	int value;
+	int ch;
+	char c;
+
+	while ((ch = *str++) != '\0') {
+		if (ch != '\\') {
+			do_putchar(ch);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ch = *str++;
+		if (ch == 'c') {
+			/* \c as in SYSV echo - abort all processing.... */
+			rval |= 0x100;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * %b string octal constants are not like those in C.
+		 * They start with a \0, and are followed by 0, 1, 2,
+		 * or 3 octal digits.
+		 */
+		if (ch == '0') {
+			int octnum = 0, i;
+			for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+				if (!isdigit((unsigned char)*str) || *str > '7')
+					break;
+				octnum = (octnum << 3) | (*str++ - '0');
+			}
+			do_putchar(octnum);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* \[M][^|-]C as defined by vis(3) */
+		if (ch == 'M' && *str == '-') {
+			do_putchar(0200 | str[1]);
+			str += 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (ch == 'M' && *str == '^') {
+			str++;
+			value = 0200;
+			ch = '^';
+		} else
+			value = 0;
+		if (ch == '^') {
+			ch = *str++;
+			if (ch == '?')
+				value |= 0177;
+			else
+				value |= ch & 037;
+			do_putchar(value);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Finally test for sequences valid in the format string */
+		str = conv_escape(str - 1, &c, quiet);
+		do_putchar(c);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print "standard" escape characters
+ */
+static char *
+conv_escape(char *str, char *conv_ch, int quiet)
+{
+	char value;
+	char ch;
+	char num_buf[4], *num_end;
+
+	ch = *str++;
+
+	switch (ch) {
+	case '\0':
+		if (!quiet)
+			warnx("incomplete escape sequence");
+		rval = 1;
+		value = '\\';
+		--str;
+		break;
+
+	case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+	case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+		num_buf[0] = ch;
+		ch = str[0];
+		num_buf[1] = ch;
+		num_buf[2] = (char)(ch != '\0' ? str[1] : '\0');
+		num_buf[3] = '\0';
+		value = (char)strtoul(num_buf, &num_end, 8);
+		str += num_end  - (num_buf + 1);
+		break;
+
+	case 'x':
+		/*
+		 * Hexadecimal character constants are not required to be
+		 * supported (by SuS v1) because there is no consistent
+		 * way to detect the end of the constant.
+		 * Supporting 2 byte constants is a compromise.
+		 */
+		ch = str[0];
+		num_buf[0] = ch;
+		num_buf[1] = (char)(ch != '\0' ? str[1] : '\0');
+		num_buf[2] = '\0';
+		value = (char)strtoul(num_buf, &num_end, 16);
+		str += num_end - num_buf;
+		break;
+
+	case '\\':	value = '\\';	break;	/* backslash */
+	case '\'':	value = '\'';	break;	/* single quote */
+	case '"':	value = '"';	break;	/* double quote */
+	case 'a':	value = '\a';	break;	/* alert */
+	case 'b':	value = '\b';	break;	/* backspace */
+	case 'e':	value = ESCAPE;	break;	/* escape */
+	case 'E':	value = ESCAPE;	break;	/* escape */
+	case 'f':	value = '\f';	break;	/* form-feed */
+	case 'n':	value = '\n';	break;	/* newline */
+	case 'r':	value = '\r';	break;	/* carriage-return */
+	case 't':	value = '\t';	break;	/* tab */
+	case 'v':	value = '\v';	break;	/* vertical-tab */
+
+	default:
+		if (!quiet)
+			warnx("unknown escape sequence `\\%c'", ch);
+		rval = 1;
+		value = ch;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	*conv_ch = value;
+	return str;
+}
+
+/* expand a string so that everything is printable */
+
+static char *
+conv_expand(const char *str)
+{
+	static char *conv_str;
+	char *cp;
+	char ch;
+
+	if (conv_str)
+		free(conv_str);
+	/* get a buffer that is definitely large enough.... */
+	conv_str = malloc(4 * strlen(str) + 1);
+	if (!conv_str)
+		return NULL;
+	cp = conv_str;
+
+	while ((ch = *(const char *)str++) != '\0') {
+		switch (ch) {
+		/* Use C escapes for expected control characters */
+		case '\\':	ch = '\\';	break;	/* backslash */
+		case '\'':	ch = '\'';	break;	/* single quote */
+		case '"':	ch = '"';	break;	/* double quote */
+		case '\a':	ch = 'a';	break;	/* alert */
+		case '\b':	ch = 'b';	break;	/* backspace */
+		case ESCAPE:	ch = 'e';	break;	/* escape */
+		case '\f':	ch = 'f';	break;	/* form-feed */
+		case '\n':	ch = 'n';	break;	/* newline */
+		case '\r':	ch = 'r';	break;	/* carriage-return */
+		case '\t':	ch = 't';	break;	/* tab */
+		case '\v':	ch = 'v';	break;	/* vertical-tab */
+		default:
+			/* Copy anything printable */
+			if (isprint((unsigned char)ch)) {
+				*cp++ = ch;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* Use vis(3) encodings for the rest */
+			*cp++ = '\\';
+			if (ch & 0200) {
+				*cp++ = 'M';
+				ch &= (char)~0200;
+			}
+			if (ch == 0177) {
+				*cp++ = '^';
+				*cp++ = '?';
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (ch < 040) {
+				*cp++ = '^';
+				*cp++ = ch | 0100;
+				continue;
+			}
+			*cp++ = '-';
+			*cp++ = ch;
+			continue;
+		}
+		*cp++ = '\\';
+		*cp++ = ch;
+	}
+
+	*cp = 0;
+	return conv_str;
+}
+
+static char *
+mklong(const char *str, char ch)
+{
+	static char copy[64];
+	size_t len;	
+
+	len = strlen(str) + 2;
+	if (len > sizeof copy) {
+		warnx("format %s too complex", str);
+		len = 4;
+	}
+	(void)memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
+	copy[len - 3] = 'j';
+	copy[len - 2] = ch;
+	copy[len - 1] = '\0';
+	return copy;	
+}
+
+static char
+getchr(void)
+{
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return 0;
+	return **gargv++;
+}
+
+static char *
+getstr(void)
+{
+	static char empty[] = "";
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return empty;
+	return *gargv++;
+}
+
+static int
+getwidth(void)
+{
+	unsigned long val;
+	char *s, *ep;
+
+	s = *gargv;
+	if (s == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	gargv++;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	val = strtoul(s, &ep, 0);
+	check_conversion(s, ep);
+
+	/* Arbitrarily 'restrict' field widths to 1Mbyte */
+	if (val > 1 << 20) {
+		warnx("%s: invalid field width", s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return (int)val;
+}
+
+static intmax_t
+getintmax(void)
+{
+	intmax_t val;
+	char *cp, *ep;
+
+	cp = *gargv;
+	if (cp == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	gargv++;
+
+	if (*cp == '\"' || *cp == '\'')
+		return *(cp + 1);
+
+	errno = 0;
+	val = strtoimax(cp, &ep, 0);
+	check_conversion(cp, ep);
+	return val;
+}
+
+static double
+getdouble(void)
+{
+	double val;
+	char *ep;
+
+	if (!*gargv)
+		return 0.0;
+
+	if (**gargv == '\"' || **gargv == '\'')
+		return (double) *((*gargv++)+1);
+
+	errno = 0;
+	val = strtod(*gargv, &ep);
+	check_conversion(*gargv++, ep);
+	return val;
+}
+
+static void
+check_conversion(const char *s, const char *ep)
+{
+	if (*ep) {
+		if (ep == s)
+			warnx("%s: expected numeric value", s);
+		else
+			warnx("%s: not completely converted", s);
+		rval = 1;
+	} else if (errno == ERANGE) {
+		warnx("%s: %s", s, strerror(ERANGE));
+		rval = 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+usage(void)
+{
+	(void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s format [arg ...]\n", getprogname());
+}