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diff --git a/usr.bin/find/find.1 b/usr.bin/find/find.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..60ce94a --- /dev/null +++ b/usr.bin/find/find.1 @@ -0,0 +1,974 @@ +.\" $NetBSD: find.1,v 1.89 2017/07/03 21:34:57 wiz Exp $ +.\" +.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 +.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. +.\" +.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by +.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. +.\" +.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +.\" are met: +.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. +.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright +.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the +.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. +.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors +.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software +.\" without specific prior written permission. +.\" +.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND +.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE +.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL +.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS +.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) +.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT +.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY +.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF +.\" SUCH DAMAGE. +.\" +.\" from: @(#)find.1 8.7 (Berkeley) 5/9/95 +.\" +.Dd June 13, 2016 +.Dt FIND 1 +.Os +.Sh NAME +.Nm find +.Nd walk a file hierarchy +.Sh SYNOPSIS +.Nm +.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P +.Op Fl dEhsXx +.Ar file +.Op Ar file ... +.Op Ar expression +.Nm +.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P +.Op Fl dEhsXx +.Fl f Ar file +.Op Ar file ... +.Op Ar expression +.Sh DESCRIPTION +.Nm +recursively descends the directory tree for each +.Ar file +listed, evaluating an +.Ar expression +(composed of the +.Dq primaries +and +.Dq operands +listed below) in terms +of each file in the tree. +.Pp +The options are as follows: +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl H +Causes the file information and file type (see +.Xr stat 2 ) +returned for each symbolic link encountered on the command line to be +those of the file referenced by the link, not the link itself. +If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will +be for the link itself. +File information of all symbolic links not on the command line is that +of the link itself. +.It Fl L +Causes the file information and file type (see +.Xr stat 2 ) +returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the +link, not the link itself. +If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will +be for the link itself. +.It Fl P +Causes the file information and file type (see +.Xr stat 2 ) +returned for each symbolic link to be those of the link itself. +.It Fl d +Causes +.Nm +to perform a depth-first traversal, i.e., directories +are visited in post-order, and all entries in a directory will be acted +on before the directory itself. +By default, +.Nm +visits directories in pre-order, i.e., before their contents. +Note, the default is +.Em not +a breadth-first traversal. +.It Fl E +Causes +.Ar regexp +arguments to primaries to be interpreted as extended regular +expressions (see +.Xr re_format 7 ) . +.It Fl f +Specifies a file hierarchy for +.Nm +to traverse. +File hierarchies may also be specified as the operands immediately +following the options. +.It Fl h +Causes the file information and file type (see +.Xr stat 2 ) +returned for each symbolic link to be those of the file referenced by the +link, not the link itself. +If the referenced file does not exist, the file information and type will +be for the link itself. +.It Fl s +Causes the entries of each directory to be sorted in +lexicographical order. +Note that the sorting is done only inside of each directory; +files in different directories are not sorted. +Therefore, +.Sq Li a/b +appears before +.Sq Li a.b , +which is different from +.Dq Li "find ... \&| sort" +order. +.It Fl X +Modifies the output to permit +.Nm +to be safely used in conjunction with +.Xr xargs 1 . +If a file name contains any of the delimiting characters used by +.Xr xargs 1 , +a diagnostic message is displayed on standard error, and the file +is skipped. +The delimiting characters include single +.Pq Dq \&' +and double +.Pq Dq \&" +quotes, backslash +.Pq Dq \e , +space, tab, and newline characters. +Alternatively, the +.Ic -print0 +or +.Ic -printx +primaries can be used to format the output in a way that +.Xr xargs 1 +can accept. +.It Fl x +Restricts the search to the file system containing the +directory specified. +Does not list mount points to other file systems. +.El +.Sh PRIMARIES +All primaries which take a numeric argument of +.Ar n +allow the number to be preceded by a plus sign +.Pq Dq \&+ +or a minus sign +.Pq Dq \- . +A preceding plus sign means +.Dq more than Ar n , +a preceding minus sign means +.Dq less than Ar n , +and neither means +.Dq exactly Ar n . +(The argument specified for the +.Ic -user +and +.Ic -group +primaries +are similarly treated if the value is numeric and does not correspond to a +valid user or group name.) +.Pp +For primaries which take a +.Ar timestamp +argument, the argument must be valid input to +.Xr parsedate 3 . +If the argument contains multiple words, enclose the argument in quotes. +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact +.It Ic -amin Ar n +True if the difference between the file last access time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is +.Ar n +minutes. +.Pp +.It Ic -anewer Ar file +True if the current file has a more recent last access time than +.Ar file . +.Pp +.It Ic -asince Ar timestamp +True if the file last access time is greater than the specified +.Ar timestamp . +.Pp +.It Ic -atime Ar n +True if the difference between the file last access time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is +.Ar n +24-hour periods. +.Pp +.It Ic -cmin Ar n +True if the difference between the time of last change of file status +information and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is +.Ar n +minutes. +.Pp +.It Ic -cnewer Ar file +True if the current file has a more recent last change time than +.Ar file . +.Pp +.It Ic -csince Ar timestamp +True if the file last status change time is greater than the specified +.Ar timestamp . +.Pp +.It Ic -ctime Ar n +True if the difference between the time of last change of file status +information and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is +.Ar n +24-hour periods. +.Pp +.It Ic -delete +Delete found files, symbolic links, and directories. +Always returns true. +This executes from the current working directory as +.Nm +recurses down the tree. +To avoid deleting unexpected files, it will ignore any filenames that +.Xr fts 3 +returns that contain a +.Dq / +.Xr ( fts 3 +should not return such pathnames). +Depth-first traversal processing is implied by this option. +This primary can also be invoked as +.Ic -rm . +.Pp +.It Ic -empty +True if the current file or directory is empty. +.Pp +.It Ic -exec Ar utility Oo argument ... Oc Ic \&; +.It Ic -exec Ar utility Oo argument ... Oc Ic {} Ic \&+ +Execute the specified +.Ar utility +with the specified arguments. +.Pp +The list of arguments for +.Ar utility +is terminated by a lone semicolon +.Dq Ic \&; +or plus +.Dq Ic \&+ +character as a separate parameter. +The command specified by +.Ar utility +will be executed with its current working directory being the directory +from which +.Nm +was executed. +.Pp +If the list of arguments is terminated by a semicolon +.Pq Dq Ic \&; , +then +.Ar utility +is invoked once per pathname. +If +the string +.Dq Ic {} +appears one or more times in the utility name or arguments, +then it is replaced by the pathname of the current file +(but it need not appear, in which case the pathname +will not be passed to +.Ar utility ) . +The semicolon-terminated form of the +.Ic -exec +primary returns true if and only if +.Ar utility +exits with a zero exit status. +Note that the semicolon will have to be escaped on the shell command line +in order to be passed as a parameter. +.Pp +If the list of arguments is terminated by a plus sign +.Pq Dq Ic \&+ , +then the pathnames for which the primary is evaluated are aggregated +into sets, and +.Ar utility +will be invoked once per set, similar to +.Xr xargs 1 . +In this case the string +.Dq Ic {} +must appear, and must appear as the last item in the argument list, +just before the +.Dq Ic \&+ +parameter, and is replaced by the pathnames of the current set of files. +Each set is limited to no more than 5,000 pathnames, +and is also limited such that the total number of bytes in the argument +list does not exceed +.Dv ARG_MAX . +The plus-terminated form of the +.Ic -exec +primary always returns true. +If the plus-terminated form of the +.Ic -exec +primary results in any invocation of +.Ar utility +exiting with non-zero exit status, then +.Nm +will eventually exit with non-zero status as well, +but this does not cause +.Nm +to exit early. +.Pp +.It Ic -execdir Ar utility Oo argument ... Oc Ic \&; +The +.Ic -execdir +primary is similar to the semicolon-terminated +.Pq Dq Ic \&; +variant of the +.Ic -exec +primary, with the exception that +.Ar utility +will be executed from the directory that holds +the current file. +Only the base filename is substituted for the string +.Dq Ic {} . +Set aggregation +.Pq Do Ic \&+ Dc termination +is not supported. +.Pp +.It Ic -exit Op Ar status +This primary causes +.Nm +to stop traversing the file system and exit immediately, +with the specified numeric exit status. +If the +.Ar status +value is not specified, then +.Nm +will exit with status zero. +Note that any preceding primaries will be evaluated and acted upon +before exiting. +.Pp +.It Ic -false +This primary always evaluates to false. +This can be used following a primary that caused the +expression to be true to make the expression to be false. +This can be useful after using a +.Ic -fprint +primary so it can continue to the next expression (using an +.Cm -or +operator, for example). +.Pp +.It Ic -flags Oo Fl Oc Ns Ar flags +If +.Ar flags +are preceded by a dash +.Pq Dq Ic \- , +this primary evaluates to true +if at least all of the bits in +.Ar flags +are set in the file's flags bits. +If +.Ar flags +are not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if +the bits in +.Ar flags +exactly match the file's flags bits. +If +.Ar flags +is +.Dq none , +files with no flags bits set are matched. +(See +.Xr chflags 1 +for more information about file flags.) +.Pp +.It Ic -follow +Follow symbolic links. +.Pp +.It Ic -fprint Ar filename +This primary always evaluates to true. +This creates +.Ar filename +or overwrites the file if it already exists. +The file is created at startup. +It writes the pathname of the current file to this file, followed +by a newline character. +The file will be empty if no files are matched. +.Pp +.It Ic -fstype Ar type +True if the file is contained in a file system of type +.Ar type . +The +.Xr sysctl 8 +command can be used to find out the types of file systems +that are available on the system: +.Bd -literal -offset indent +sysctl vfs.generic.fstypes +.Ed +.Pp +In addition, there are two pseudo-types, +.Dq local +and +.Dq rdonly . +The former matches any file system physically mounted on the system where +the +.Nm +is being executed, and the latter matches any file system which is +mounted read-only. +.Pp +.It Ic -group Ar gname +True if the file belongs to the group +.Ar gname . +If +.Ar gname +is numeric and there is no such group name, then +.Ar gname +is treated as a group id (and considered a numeric argument). +.Pp +.It Ic -iname Ar pattern +True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches +.Ar pattern +in a case-insensitive manner. +Special shell pattern matching characters +.Po +.Dq \&[ , +.Dq \&] , +.Dq \&* , +and +.Dq \&? +.Pc +may be used as part of +.Ar pattern . +These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a +backslash +.Pq Dq \e . +.Pp +.It Ic -inum Ar n +True if the file has inode number +.Ar n . +.Pp +.It Ic -iregex Ar regexp +True if the path name of the current file matches the case-insensitive +basic regular expression +.Pq see Xr re_format 7 +.Ar regexp . +This is a match on the whole path, not a search for the regular expression +within the path. +.Pp +.It Ic -links Ar n +True if the file has +.Ar n +links. +.Pp +.It Ic -rm +This primary is an alias for +.Ic -delete . +.Pp +.It Ic -ls +This primary always evaluates to true. +The following information for the current file is written to standard output: +its inode number, size in 512-byte blocks, file permissions, number of hard +links, owner, group, size in bytes, last modification time, and pathname. +If the file is a block or character special file, the major and minor numbers +will be displayed instead of the size in bytes. +If the file is a symbolic link, the pathname of the linked-to file will be +displayed preceded by +.Dq -> . +The format is identical to that produced by +.Dq ls -dgils . +.Pp +.It Ic -maxdepth Ar depth +True if the current search depth is less than or equal to what is specified in +.Ar depth . +.Pp +.It Ic -mindepth Ar depth +True if the current search depth is at least what is specified in +.Ar depth . +.Pp +.It Ic -mmin Ar n +True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full minute, is +.Ar n +minutes. +.Pp +.It Ic -mtime Ar n +True if the difference between the file last modification time and the time +.Nm +was started, rounded up to the next full 24-hour period, is +.Ar n +24-hour periods. +.Pp +.It Ic -ok Ar utility Oo argument ... Oc Ic \&; +The +.Ic -ok +primary is similar to the semicolon-terminated +.Pq Dq \&; +variant of the +.Ic -exec +primary, with the exception that +.Nm +requests user affirmation for the execution of +.Ar utility +by printing +a message to the terminal and reading a response. +If the response is other than +.Dq y , +the command is not executed and the +.Ic -ok +primary evaluates to false. +Set aggregation +.Pq Do \&+ Dc termination +is not supported. +.Pp +.It Ic -name Ar pattern +True if the last component of the pathname being examined matches +.Ar pattern . +Special shell pattern matching characters +.Po +.Dq \&[ , +.Dq \&] , +.Dq \&* , +and +.Dq \&? +.Pc +may be used as part of +.Ar pattern . +These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a +backslash +.Pq Dq \e . +.Pp +.It Ic -newer Ar file +True if the current file has a more recent last modification time than +.Ar file . +.Pp +.It Ic -newerXY Ar reference +For compatibility with Gnu findutils. +.Bl -column -offset indent ".Sy findutils" ".Sy equivalent" +.It Sy findutils Ta Sy find +.It Sy option Ta Sy equivalent +.It -neweraa Ta -anewer +.It -newerat Ta -asince +.It -newercc Ta -cnewer +.It -newerct Ta -csince +.It -newermm Ta -newer +.It -newermt Ta -since +.El +.Pp +Other option variants from findutils are not implemented. +.Pp +.It Ic -nouser +True if the file belongs to an unknown user. +.Pp +.It Ic -nogroup +True if the file belongs to an unknown group. +.Pp +.It Ic -path Ar pattern +True if the pathname being examined matches +.Ar pattern . +Special shell pattern matching characters +.Po +.Dq \&[ , +.Dq \&] , +.Dq \&* , +and +.Dq \&? +.Pc +may be used as part of +.Ar pattern . +These characters may be matched explicitly by escaping them with a +backslash +.Pq Dq \e . +Slashes +.Pq Dq / +are treated as normal characters and do not have to be +matched explicitly. +.Pp +.It Ic -perm Oo Fl Oc Ns Ar mode +The +.Ar mode +may be either symbolic (see +.Xr chmod 1 ) +or an octal number. +If the mode is symbolic, a starting value of zero is assumed and the +mode sets or clears permissions without regard to the process' file mode +creation mask. +If the mode is octal, only bits 07777 +.Pf ( Dv S_ISUID +| +.Dv S_ISGID +| +.Dv S_ISTXT +| +.Dv S_IRWXU +| +.Dv S_IRWXG +| +.Dv S_IRWXO ) +of the file's mode bits participate +in the comparison. +If the mode is preceded by a dash +.Pq Dq Ic \- , +this primary evaluates to true +if at least all of the bits in the mode are set in the file's mode bits. +If the mode is not preceded by a dash, this primary evaluates to true if +the bits in the mode exactly match the file's mode bits. +Note, the first character of a symbolic mode may not be a dash +.Pq Dq Ic \- . +.Pp +.It Ic -print +This primary always evaluates to true. +It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed +by a newline character. +If none of +.Ic -delete , +.Ic -exec , +.Ic -execdir , +.Ic -exit , +.Ic -fprint , +.Ic -ls , +.Ic -ok , +.Ic -print0 , +.Ic -printx , +nor +.Ic -rm +is specified, the given expression shall be effectively replaced by +.Cm \&( Ns Ar given\& expression Ns Cm \&) +.Ic -print . +.Pp +.It Ic -print0 +This primary always evaluates to true. +It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, followed +by a NUL character. +.Pp +.It Ic -printx +This primary always evaluates to true. +It prints the pathname of the current file to standard output, +with each space, tab, newline, backslash, dollar sign, and single, +double, or back quotation mark prefixed by a backslash, so the output of +.Nm +can safely be used as input to +.Xr xargs 1 . +.Pp +.It Ic -prune +This primary always evaluates to true. +It causes +.Nm +to not descend into the current file. +Note, the +.Ic -prune +primary has no effect if the +.Fl d +option was specified. +.Pp +.It Ic -regex Ar regexp +True if the path name of the current file matches the case-sensitive +basic regular expression +.Pq see Xr re_format 7 +.Ar regexp . +This is a match on the whole path, not a search for the regular expression +within the path. +.Pp +.It Ic -since Ar timestamp +True if the file last modification time is more recent than +.Ar timestamp . +.Pp +.It Ic -size Ar n Ns Op Cm c +True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is +.Ar n . +If +.Ar n +is followed by a +.Dq Ic c , +then the primary is true if the file's size is +.Ar n +bytes. +.Pp +.It Ic -type Ar t +True if the file is of the specified type. +Possible file types are as follows: +.Pp +.Bl -tag -width flag -offset indent -compact +.It Cm b +block special +.It Cm c +character special +.It Cm d +directory +.It Cm f +regular file +.It Cm l +symbolic link +.It Cm p +FIFO +.It Cm s +socket +.It Cm W +whiteout +.It Cm w +whiteout +.El +.Pp +.It Ic -user Ar username +True if the file belongs to the user +.Ar username . +If +.Ar username +is numeric and there is no such user on the system, then +.Ar username +is treated as a user id (and considered a numeric argument). +.Pp +.It Ic -xdev +This primary always evaluates to true. +It causes find not to descend past directories that have a different +device ID +.Va ( st_dev , +see +.Xr stat 2 +S5.6.2 [POSIX.1]). +.El +.Sh OPERATORS +The primaries may be combined using the following operators. +The operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence. +.Bl -tag -width (expression) +.It Cm \&( Ar expression Cm \&) +This evaluates to true if the parenthesized expression evaluates to +true. +.It Cm \&! Ar expression +This is the unary +.Tn NOT +operator. +It evaluates to true if the expression is false. +.It Ar expression Cm -and Ar expression +.It Ar expression expression +The +.Cm -and +operator is the logical +.Tn AND +operator. +As it is implied by the juxtaposition of two expressions it does not +have to be specified. +The expression evaluates to true if both expressions are true. +The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is false. +.It Ar expression Cm -or Ar expression +The +.Cm -or +operator is the logical +.Tn OR +operator. +The expression evaluates to true if either the first or the second expression +is true. +The second expression is not evaluated if the first expression is true. +.El +.Pp +All operands and primaries must be separate arguments to +.Nm . +Primaries which themselves take arguments expect each argument +to be a separate argument to +.Nm . +.Sh EXIT STATUS +The +.Nm +utility normally exits 0 on success, and exits with 1 under certain +internal error conditions. +If any invocations of +.Dq Ic -exec Ar ... Ic \&+ +primaries return non-zero exit-status, then +.Nm +will do so as well. +.Sh EXAMPLES +The following examples are shown as given to the shell: +.Bl -tag -width findx +.It Li "find / \e! -name \*q*.c\*q \-print" +Print out a list of all the files whose names do not end in +.Dq \&.c . +.It Li "find / \-newer ttt \-user wnj \-print" +Print out a list of all the files owned by user +.Dq wnj +that are newer than the file +.Dq ttt . +.It Li "find . \-type f \-mmin \-30 \-print \-or \-mindepth 1 \-prune" +Print out a list of all the files in the current directory that are +newer than 30 minutes. +.It Li "find . \-type f \-atime +10 \-mindepth 2 \-print" +Print out a list of all the files in any sub-directories that have not +been accessed in the past ten days. +.It Li "find . \-mtime +90 \-exec rm \-i {} + \-or \-mindepth 1 \-prune" +Interactively remove all of the files in the current directory that have +not been modified in 90 days. +.It Li "find . \-type f \-mtime +90 \-ok mv {} {}.old \e;" +Interactively rename all of the files in the current directory and all +sub-directories that have not been modified in 90 days. +.It Li "find / \e! \e( \-newer ttt \-user wnj \e) \-print" +Print out a list of all the files which are not both newer than +.Dq ttt +and owned by +.Dq wnj . +.It Li "find / \e( \-newer ttt \-or \-user wnj \e) \-print" +Print out a list of all the files that are either owned by +.Dq wnj +or that are newer than +.Dq ttt . +.It Li "find / \e( \-newer ttt \-or \-user wnj \e) \-exit 1" +Return immediately with a value of 1 if any files are found that are either +owned by +.Dq wnj +or that are newer than +.Dq ttt , +but do not print them. +.It Li "find / \e( \-newer ttt \-or \-user wnj \e) \-ls \-exit 1" +Same as above, but list the first file matching the criteria before exiting +with a value of 1. +.It Li "find . \-type f \-exec sh \-c 'file=\*[q]$1\*[q]; ...;' - {} \;" +Perform an arbitrarily complex shell command for every file. +.El +.Sh SEE ALSO +.Xr chflags 1 , +.Xr chmod 1 , +.Xr locate 1 , +.Xr xargs 1 , +.Xr stat 2 , +.Xr fts 3 , +.Xr getgrent 3 , +.Xr getpwent 3 , +.Xr strmode 3 , +.Xr re_format 7 , +.Xr symlink 7 , +.Xr sysctl 8 +.Sh STANDARDS +The +.Nm +utility syntax is a superset of the syntax specified by the +.St -p1003.2 +standard. +.Pp +The options and the +.Ic -amin , +.Ic -anewer , +.Ic -asince , +.Ic -cmin , +.Ic -cnewer , +.Ic -csince , +.Ic -delete , +.Ic -empty , +.Ic -execdir , +.Ic -follow , +.Ic -fstype , +.Ic -iname , +.Ic -inum , +.Ic -iregex , +.Ic -links , +.Ic -ls , +.Ic -maxdepth , +.Ic -mindepth , +.Ic -mmin , +.Ic -path , +.Ic -print0 , +.Ic -printx , +.Ic -regex , +.Ic -rm , +and +.Ic -since +primaries are extensions to +.St -p1003.2 . +.Pp +Historically, the +.Fl d , +.Fl h , +and +.Fl x +options were implemented using the primaries +.Dq Ic -depth , +.Dq Ic -follow , +and +.Dq Ic -xdev . +These primaries always evaluated to true, and always +took effect when the +.Ar expression +was parsed, before the file system traversal began. +As a result, some legal expressions could be confusing. +For example, in the expression +.Dq Ic -print Ic -or Ic -depth , +.Ic -print +always evaluates to true, so the standard meaning of +.Ic -or +implies that +.Ic -depth +would never be evaluated, but that is not what happens; +in fact, +.Ic -depth +takes effect immediately, without testing whether +.Ic -print +returns true or false. +.Pp +Historically, the operator +.Dq Ic -or +was implemented as +.Dq Ic -o , +and the operator +.Dq Ic -and +was implemented as +.Dq Ic -a . +.Pp +Historic implementations of the +.Dq Ic -exec +and +.Dq Ic -ok +primaries did not replace the string +.Dq Ic {} +in the utility name or the +utility arguments if it did not appear as a separate argument. +This version replaces it no matter where in the utility name or arguments +it appears. +.Pp +Support for +.Dq Ic -exec Ar ... Ic \&+ +is consistent with +.Em IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.2 #210 , +though the feature originated in +.Tn SVR4 . +.Pp +The +.Ic -delete +primary does not interact well with other options that cause the file system +tree traversal options to be changed. +.Sh HISTORY +A much simpler +.Nm +command appeared in First Edition AT&T Unix. +The syntax had become similar to the present version by +the time of the Fifth Edition. +.Sh BUGS +The special characters used by +.Nm +are also special characters to many shell programs. +In particular, the characters +.Dq \&* , +.Dq \&[ , +.Dq \&] , +.Dq \&? , +.Dq \&( , +.Dq \&) , +.Dq \&! , +.Dq \e , +and +.Dq \&; +may have to be escaped from the shell. +.Pp +As there is no delimiter separating options and file names or file +names and the +.Ar expression , +it is difficult to specify files named +.Dq -xdev +or +.Dq \&! . +These problems are handled by the +.Fl f +option and the +.Xr getopt 3 +.Dq -- +construct. |